سیر حافظه جمعی در شکل گیری فرهنگ سوگواری در جامعه دینیِ ایران مبتنی بر نظریه «حافظه جمعی» موریس هالبواکس با مطالعه موردی «مراسم عاشورا و سیاووشان» (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
انسان در چهارچوب یک فرآیند تحول بزرگ تاریخی و اجتماعی زیست می‌کند و در امتداد نسل‌هایی از گذشته قرار دارد که همگی از والدین خود آموزه‌های زیستی و آیینی را آموخته و از تجربه خود نیز در موقعیت‌های مختلف اجتماعی، دینی و تاریخی نیز بهره برده است. لذا دلیل ایجاد یک جامعه یکپارچه می‌تواند ذهن هرکس را به سمت‌وسوی فرایندی قاعده‌مند هدایت کند که از حافظه‌ای جمعی نشأت گرفته است. موریس هالبواکس ازجمله فیلسوفانی است که نظریه خود در باب حافظه جمعی را بر اساس سه مرحله توصیف کرده است. 1-بومی‌سازی حافظه 2- یادبود بر اساس یک داستان تاریخی و3- تشکیل حافظه دینی طبق باورهای پیشینیان؛ درواقع حافظه انسان می‌تواند ظرفیت کامل ذهنی را برای یادآوری حوادث و تجربیات گذشته بازیابی کند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی سیر حافظه جمعی در شکل گیری آیین سوگواری با استعانت از حافظه جمعی بر اساس نظریات هالبواکس است که به روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و با منابع کتابخانه‌ای انجام‌شده و در پایان به این نتیجه رسیده است که جامعه دینی همواره از منشاء دینی خود پیروی می‌کند و در هر مرحله با تغییراتی به همان ماهیت اصلی خود رجوع کرده و با یک اندیشه دینی و محوری، همبستگی یک جامعه را تضمین می‌کند.The course of collective memory in the formation of mourning culture in Iran's religious society based on the theory of "collective memory" by Maurice Halbwachs with the case study of KAshura and Siyavoshan ceremonies"
A Man lives in the framework of a great historical and social transformation process and is along generations of the past who all learned biological and religious teachings from their parents and benefited from their experience in different social, religious and historical situations. Therefore, the reason for creating a unified society can guide everyone's mind towards a systematic process that originates from a collective memory. Halbwachs is one of the philosophers who described his theory of collective memory based on three stages. 1- Indigenization of memory 2- Commemoration based on a historical story and 3- Formation of religious memory according to the beliefs of the predecessors; In fact, human memory can restore the full mental capacity to recall past events and experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate the course of collective memory in the formation of the mourning ritual with the help of collective memory based on the theories of Halbwachs, which was carried out in an analytical-descriptive method and with library sources, and in the end it came to the conclusion that the religious society always It follows its religious origin and returns to its original nature with changes at each stage and guarantees the solidarity of a society with a central religious idea. 1-Introduction Mournings is a sad narrative of the death of a hero who is the center of attention of a community in such a way that with the death of a hero that society has suffered and to establish its memory and memory they hold this ritual continuously every year so that the society maintains its integrity. Ritual and religion are two complementary and interdependent phenomena. Religion, as a general system of life on which society's culture is based, plays an important role in the social and cultural changes of that society. In this article, an attempt has been made to point out the historical and ritual evolution of the mourning ceremony and the extent of its changes according to the individual and collective memory and its connection with important historical events by examining the mourning ritual of Imam Hussain (A.S.) and Siyavash. Investigate and analyze, since the continuity of collective memory and its representation over time plays an effective role in the dynamics of ethnic, national and religious memory. 1-2. Research Methodology The research method in this research was done on the one hand to examine the components in different religious fields and on the other hand to compare religious communities based on beliefs and rituals based on Halbwachses theory. 2- Discussion Collective memory, as a reproducer of aspects of history and the past, as well as predetermined and common beliefs, plays a prominent role in the formation of a community's religion and ritual. Remembering has an effective role in societies that are based on religion and religious beliefs. Of course, it should be acknowledged that the role of collective memory cannot be considered effective only in a religious society; Rather, every belief and customs of the people that leads to a historical mindset can be placed in the path of different angles of collective memory. 1-2. Localization of memory and imagination: According to Halbwachs, the beginning of religion is connected with nature and the divine plant is one of the early ideas of religion in early civilizations (Halbwachs, 1984:86). Collective memory has meaning, realities and human experiences, and in fact, it is a combination of collective memories, sensory trade and life narratives, which is formed from the accumulation of these memories together. But besides this deep thinking about religion, it is better to put human actions next to the preservation of rituals, one of the most important of these actions is human migration from one place to another, which aims at the localization of memory. 2-2. Commemoration and memorial based on a historical story According to Halbwachs, the formation of a ritual is
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