بلاغتِ نحو در متن تاریخی نفثة المصدور زیدری نسوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه، در مباحث زبان شناسی، مطالعه تأثیر بلاغت بر نحو و ساختار، اهمیت اساسی دارد؛ در زبان فارسی، تاکنون پژوهش مستقلی درباره تأثیر بلاغی و آرایش نحوی در متون نثر مصنوع و متکلف با محوریت کتاب نفثه المصدور، انجام نگرفته است. در این مقاله، نخست به بررسی نحو و رابطه آن با دستور و بلاغت خواهیم پرداخت و پس از برشمردن نقادانه پیشینه پژوهش، کارکرد بلاغی نحو را در متن نفثه المصدور، باز می نماییم و با استناد به نمونه ها و رجوع همزمان به بافت موقعیتی، عاطفی و آهنگین کلام زیدری و اقتضای دل مخاطب، هنر نویسنده را در استفاده بلاغی از سازه نحو، نشان می دهیم. در این جستار، با رویکرد نحوی به ساختار دستور زبان فارسی و نیز بلاغت جُرجانی به حصول نتایج رسیده ایم. نتایج این پژوهش که به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر مبنای داده های کتابخانه ای به دست آمده است، نشان می دهد که زیدری از آرایش و چیدمان نحوی به گونه ای شایسته برای محاکات و گفت و گوی درونی با خویش، بهره برده است. شیوه ترکیب و طرز قرار گرفتن ارکان جملات به صورت مقوله ای بلاغی و سبک س از شده است. زیدری در گزینش واژگان، شیوه ترکیب و تقدم و تأخر واژه ها و چیدمان نحوی کلام به گونه ای عمل می کند که سبب ایجاد ساختار بلاغی- سبکی خاصی شود.Rhetoric of Syntax in the Historical Text Nafsat Al Masdur by Zeydari Nasavi
Syntax refers to the poet's skill in arranging the components of a phrase in a balanced and proportionate manner. The eloquence of a sentence is an essential aspect of artistic expression, particularly in poetry and poetic prose, as well as in any form of word-based art. This refers to the skillful manipulation of sentence components. The syntactic options of any language are the most constrained alternatives. When constructing a sentence, we have the freedom to choose any word in the language to begin our statement. However, this initial decision narrows down the options for succeeding words in the sentence. We engage in this practice because, within the vast array of classes that might be grammatically positioned in this particular category of the speech sequence, certain classes are harmonious with the initial word while others are not. Conversely, syntax is the most adaptable and flexible area of language studies. Generally, prominent Iranian and Islamic rhetoric theorists, such as "Jorjani," focus on both themselves and the subject of syntax, envisioning rhetoric and its impact on the syntactic structures of language. People widely regard Zeydari's book Nafsat Al Masdur as a highly significant work in Persian history and literature. Shahab Zeydari authored this book four years subsequent to his sojourn in Meyafarikîn, during which he acquired knowledge regarding the conclusion of Sultan Jalal al-Din's tenure as complaint lyrics. The book elucidates the challenges that beset the Sultan towards the end of his rule, as well as the author's own tribulations. Introduction Nasavi wrote a cordial missive to a Khorasan noble, in which he expounded on the Tatar invasion of Azerbaijan, the tribulations faced by Sultan Jalal al-Din at the end of his rule, and the contemporary hardships endured. The historical significance of this treatise lies in two aspects: First, the author served as Sultan Jalal al-Din's secretary, allowing him to witness numerous events firsthand. Secondly, the author wrote the treatise from the perspective of the defeated, free from the influence of the dominant political discourse (the Mongols). As a result, it serves as a candid reflection of the events and conveys the genuine sentiments of the author and his fellow countrymen towards the invading forces. Clericalism heavily influences Nafsat Al Masdur, an artificially composed work. It is characterized by an abundance of linguistic and spiritual techniques, as well as an excessive use of Arabic language, literature, poems, traditions, and artificiality. We can attribute this to the prevailing trend of competition in historical writing and clerical prose. During the early 7th century, he effectively utilized the force and authority of his writing. Zeydari’s artistic approach enriches his historical writing in this book, adding depth and complexity to the text. This multi-dimensional reading appeals to historians and holds significance from a variety of literary perspectives. Consequently, in contemporary linguistics, the examination of how rhetoric influences syntax and structure holds significant significance. Literature Review As of now, there has been no autonomous investigation carried out in the Persian language about the rhetorical impact and syntactic organization of artificial prose writings, specifically focusing on the novel Nafsat Al Masdur. This article will begin by examining syntax and its relationship to order and rhetoric. After providing a critical overview of the research background, we will then explore the rhetorical role of syntax in Nafsat Al Masdur’s text. We will accomplish this by presenting examples and taking into account the situational context. We demonstrate the emotive and melodic qualities of Zeydari's words and emphasize the importance of evoking the audience's emotions through the author's skillful use of syntactic structure. This essay presents the results of a syntactic analysis of Persian grammar structure and Georgian rhetoric. Methodology The findings of this study, obtained through a descriptive-analytical approach and library data, demonstrate that Zeydari effectively uses syntactic organization for simulations and internal discussion with himself. The arrangement and composition of sentence parts are a rhetorical and stylistic classification. Zeydari employs a distinct rhetorical-stylistic framework through the careful selection, combination, introduction, delay, and syntactic arrangement of words. Zeydari Nasavi has derived the greatest advantage from the conventional structure and organic organization of sentences. This book's author reveals the components of a sentence, which are only comprehensible when the situational context of the text is considered. This study employs document analysis, library studies, and content analysis to gather data. We randomly select the data, evaluating elements in relation to the research title. The research relies on authentic Persian grammar books as the standard for evaluating syntactic structure, while Jurjani's theories serve as the basis for the rhetorical analysis of syntax. Conclusion Zeydari's novel Nafsat Al Masdur utilizes diverse structural connections to create a poetic texture that arises from semantic difficulties. Zeydari designs these syntactic patterns to ensure thematic coherence and meet the audience's needs. At the conclusion of each simple or compound sentence, the reader encounters an autonomous significance. The text does not contain antecedents and suffixes, which deviates from the standard norm. Zeydari takes measures to enhance sentence processing and achieve news harmony, aiming to overcome the artificial and poetic nature of the text as well as the presence of abandoned Arabic words. Previously utilized. The excessive length and repetitive nature of sentences and descriptions, as well as the author's tendency to use synonyms or repeat imagery in Nafsat Al Masdur, result in a loss of clarity in sentence meaning. Additionally, the presence of difficult Arabic words, lengthy sentences, and occasional obscenities further contribute to the reader's difficulty in understanding the text. Ideally, the words should align with the intended meaning and flow smoothly. Zeydari Nasavi's primary focus appears to be on engaging with the audience and exerting influence through the medium of "conversation." He employs a considerable array of distinctive and expressive techniques to demonstrate his mastery and dominance in the realm of language by creating unique and captivating visuals. Zeydari has skillfully crafted enduring images by blending many layers of fictional elements, whether in decorative illustrations or in the images that serve as the focal point of reporting and narrating events. This technique effectively communicates his purpose in creating visual representations. Recognizing the influential nature of images, the author incorporates visual elements alongside textual descriptions, resulting in a peculiar and rather challenging reading experience. However, his proposed method for addressing the issue of delayed text is to employ clarity through the use of normal syntax, particularly in the organic arrangement of words when referring to the institution. In addition, he adapts his language to suit the audience's level of comprehension, particularly when using complex and metaphorical vocabulary. He also minimizes the use of non-standard language in order to maintain the integrity of the institutional structure.
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