ارزیابی اثرات یکپارچه سازی اراضی بر توسعه کشاورزی مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: بخش خوسف شهرستان بیرجند) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نظربه این که از مهم ترین موانع توسعه ی کشاورزی و به تبع آن توسعه ی روستایی در کشور ما، نظام زراعی سنتی حاکم است از این رو، بررسی ابعاد مختلف این نظام، بالاخص بازنگری وتحول در مالکیت وشکل اراضی واقدامات انجام شده در این خصوص، به نحوی که امکان بهره گیری از روش های نوین تکنولوژی را ممکن سازد، ضروری به نظر می رسد. سنجش و ارزیابی بخشی ازطرح های زیربنایی و درحال انجام از جمله یکپارچه سازی اراضی زراعی به عنوان عاملی مهم که از پراکندگی اراضی زراعی جلوگیری نموده و موجب تغییر و تحول جدی در نظام تولید حاکم می شود، از جمله این موارد می باشد. بررسی و پایش اقدامات انجام شده در این زمینه در مناطق مختلف به منظور درک این مسأله که آیا اهداف مورد نظر تحقق یافته و پیامدهای مثبت و منفی آن در ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی و اجتماعی چه بوده، برای بسط طرح های یکپارچه سازی اراضی به نواحی همگون جغرافیایی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. مطالعه ی حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی با رویکرد پیمایشی انجام گرفته است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق پرسش نامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده گردآوری و سپس بااستفاده ازآزمون t وبه کمک نرم افزارهای Spss وExcel تجزیه وتحلیل شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 73 نفر از کشاورزان ساکن دو روستای کنقند و قیس آباد بخش خوسف هستند که اقدام به یکپارچه سازی اراضی زراعی خود نموده و تماماً مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفته اند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که اجرای طرح یکپارچه سازی اراضی زراعی در محدوده ی مورد مطالعه، منجر به کاهش تعداد قطعات زراعی بهره برداران، صرفه جویی در مصرف نهاده ها وکاهش هزینه های تولید شده و نیزکاربرد تکنولوژی نوین در مزارع، افزایش تولید و بهبود درآمد کشاورزان را به دنبال داشته است.Evaluation of Land Consolidation Effects on Development of Agriculture in Rural Areas,
1- Introduction
Since one of the most important obstacles in agriculture development and also rural development as its consequence, is the traditional farming system, it is necessary to investigate various aspects of this system especially its review, and evolution in owenershion and land shape, and other affairs in this regard in a way that using modern methods be possible. Assessment and investigation of some basic and under implementation plans such as farm land consolidation is one of the most important factors hindering land dispersal and leads crucial changes in current production system. The Results of this study show that the performance of this program in the studied area accompanied by reducing the number of farming lands, caused economizing in organization and reduction of costs in farming productions and also use of new technology in lands are followed by increasing the production and farmer’s income.
2-Theoretical Bases
Due to close relation between agriculture and rural area (village), agriculture development becomes meaningful in the context of rural development. On the other hand, agriculture development to implement appropriate evolutions and changes for spreading activities scope, extending affaires and increasing functions, will follow rural development (Shadbazi, 1372:10).
Since farming land consolidation involves optimum use of water, implementing this plan in dry areas, seems necessary. So by reducing production costs we make a great impact on rural economy. Main questions of the study in pilot can be conveyed as what the effect of implementing farming land consolidation plan was on cost savings of production sections and costs reduction. Whether farming land consolidation leads an increase in crop production and farmers income improvement. And finally, by implementing farming land consolidation plan, which changes occurred in modern technology in lands.
Explorations and assessments are done in this field in different areas to understand this problem that which of the certain goals are done, and positive and negative results in different economical and social views are very important for development of the designs of land consolidation to the same geographical areas.
3- Methodology
The current study is an applied one, used descriptive –analytical method along with a survey approach, and the required data were gathered through questionnaire, interview, and observation.
Data were analyzed through t-test using SPSS and Excel. The subjects involve 73 farmers in Kanghond and Gheisabad who took part in farming land consolidation and they were wholly investigated.
4- Discussion & Conclusion
In order to answer research questions and to evaluate the role of agricultural lands in the domain of Land Consolidation, t-test was used. Test results show that the consolidation effect of the consumption of fertilizers has not a significant impact on the case (such as number of crops, seed consumption, production cost, etc.). The results of such research can include:
32% reduction in the number of farm lands of each beneficiary
20 percent cost savings in water consumption and optimal water use
56.03% increase of under cultivation area
29.5percentage in production costs reduction
56.4percentage in production rate increase
56.3percentage of gross income increase
Some of the consequences of implementing the farming land consolidation plan for agricultural lands in the studied area are mentioned here. After consolidating lands and using agricultural machinery, each beneficiary’s spare time increased, and the farmers (beneficiaries) took a chance to take part in other activities and to do economical affairs. All the mentioned cases besides achieving aims of implementing plan, leads farmers demands for implementing the plan in those farming lands not being involved in consolidation plan.
5- Suggestion
Implementing farming land consolidation in two third of remained lands with governmental help and support based on beneficiaries demanded for developing the plan to other lands.
Using plan pilot as a prototype farm for other farmers’ visits that could be effective in implementing farming land consolidation in other provinces.
According to working hours reduction after implementing consolidation plan in farming lands, correct planning programs for employment of rural farmers and women seems necessary. In line with that, creating of related industries such as livestock or poultry used for beneficiaries’ employment and optimal use of provided leisure time is essential, so as a side job to provide a source of income for the rural.
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