بازآفرینی شعر حافظ در شعر معاصر از منظر آشنایی زدایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
آرمینه کاظمی سنگدهی* احمد گلی ** ناصر علیزاده خیاط*** چکیده آشنایی زدایی از مفاهیم کاربردی نقد ادبی فرمالیسم روسی است. بر مبنای این نظریه، کار شاعر یا هنرمند، آشنایی زدایی در کلام و شعر است. ازآنجایی که کثرت کاربرد، به عادی شدن مسائل زیبایی شناسی و بی تأثیرشدن لذت شاعرانه ی مخاطب منجر می شود؛ هنرمند وظیفه دارد با بهره گیری از شگردهای زبان شاعرانه، غبار عادت را از کلام و شعر بزداید و به درک عمیق تر مخاطب از اثر ادبی و هنری کمک کند. بی تردید در عرصه ی شعر و ادب، بدون بهره گیری از اشعار شاعران پیشین، آفرینش شعری نو امکان پذیر نیست. در بازآفرینی سروده های متقدمین، ارتباط اجزای ساختار، جنبه های ادبیت متن، وجه غالب و برجسته سازی موتیف های خاص متون کهن دستمایه ی شاعران قرار می گیرد تا با بیانی دیگر به مضمون آفرینی و ترکیب سازی واژگانی بپردازند. قرن هاست که فرهنگ و ادبیات سرزمین ما، تحت تأثیر غزلیات حافظ است. پیوند شعر معاصر با غزلیات حافظ در تمام انواع شعر، سنتی، نیمایی، سپید و گفتار دیده می شود. در این پژوهش با رویکرد ساختاری و به شیوه ی توصیفی- تحلیلی، آشنایی زدایی های شعر معاصر از غزلیات حافظ بررسی شده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که شاعر معاصر در بسیاری موارد با بهره گیری از انواع هنجارگریزی، اشعار خواجه را به سبک و سیاق خویش تغییر می دهد و با توجه به اهداف شاعرانه ی خویش به آشنایی زدایی دست می زند و گاه به ساخت واژگانی تازه می پردازد و گاه به مضامین غزلیاتش از زاویه ای دیگر می نگرد تا ضمن برجسته سازی وجوه غالب اشعار حافظ، مخاطب را به شگفتی وادارد. * دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان armineh.kazemi@gmail.com (نویسنده ی مسئول) ** استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان ah.goli@yahoo.com *** استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان nasser.alizadeh@gmail.com تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 15/6/ 1400 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 21/1/1401Recreating Hafez's poetry in contemporary poetry through defamiliarization
1.Armineh kazemi sangdehi , PhD student of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan. 2.Ahmad Goli, Professor of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan. 3.Naser Alizadeh Khayyat, Professor of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan. Introduction Defamiliarization is a literary term of the Russian school of formalism. It was first proposed in 1919 by Viktor Shkolovsky. Formalists believe that de-familiarization is the essence of being literary. This is one of the most important differences between automatic language and poetic language. The artist and the poet have a duty to make comprehension more difficult by de-familiarizing and renewing the meanings of words, thus adding to the audient’s pleasure, literary taste, and surprise. It can be argued that all the strategies that are involved in highlighting a literary text, such as expressive, rhetorical, linguistic features, etc., contribute to artistic de-normalization and de-familiarization. Contemporary poetry, both modern and traditional, has been influenced by Hafez’s thoughts and language. In many cases, the contemporary poet engaged in de-familiarization by highlighting the specific words of Hafez's sonnets. In other ways, the poet uses Hafez’s vocabulary and literary strategies to provide the audience with strange and new poetic arrangements. If we consider the language of Hafez's poetry as a literary language that existed in the mind of the audience familiar with his lyric poems, the changes that have taken place in poetic norm-braking practices of contemporary poetry under the influence of Hafez’s poems can be considered as defamiliarization factors. To this end, the present study focuses on the recreation of Hafez's poetry in contemporary poetry through different types of defamiliarization (lexical, semantic, syntactic, and temporal). Goals, research method, and background This study aimed to investigate the different types of highlighting and defamiliarization of Hafez's lyric poems in contemporary poetry. With a closer look at the Divan of contemporary poets, different manifestations of highlighting in Hafez’s lyric poems can be identified. The application of these norm-braking practices varies in the traditional and modernist currents of contemporary poetry. For example, the traditional poet endorses and comments on Hafez’s lyric poems, while the modern poet highlights the specific peptic style of Hafez for critical purposes and sometimes to express ideas that are contrary to those expressed by Hafez. This study follows a historical and analytical documentary method and adopts an approach to exploring the de-familiarization of Hafez's lyric poems in contemporary poetry. A study of every contemporary poet reveals all kinds of highlights and defamiliarization of Hafez's lyric poems in their poems. Some studies have addressed de-familiarization and norm-breaking practices in contemporary poetry based on Hafez's lyric poems. For instance, Ishani (2019) conducted a study entitled “Norm-braking, a distinct aspect of Hafez's lyric from Emad Faqih's lyric poetry” and compared the norm-breaking practices used in Hafez and Emad Faqih's poetry. Firoozi (2019) examined types of de-familiarization in the poetic work of Mehdi Akhavan Sales. A review of the literature shows that there is no comprehensive study on instances of de-familiarization in contemporary poetry. Discussion Lexical de-familiarization is one of the ways of highlighting linguistic terms whereby the poet uses norm-breaking practices to coin new words. De-familiarization involves the creation of a new word and enriches poetic words. In lexical defamiliarization, the contemporary traditional poet skillfully borrows special words from Hafez verses and creates new compound words and derivations using collocations and affixation, promoting the linguistic emphasis of their poetic expressions. Besides, lexical differences in modernist movements have helped poets to separate semantic and practical aspects of Hafez’s poetic
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