تصحیح 26 بیت از بوستان سعدی؛ مصحَّحِ دکتر غلامحسین یوسفی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در میان تصحیحات معتبر و مشهور بوستان سعدی از جمله نسخه مصحح غلامحسین یوسفی با وجود محاسن بسیار، اشتباهاتی نیز به چشم می آید و با توجه به اینکه تصحیح استاد یوسفی در جامعه ادبی و دانشگاهی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است و به عنوان یکی از منابع اصلی درس اشعار سعدی مورد استفاده و استناد استادان و دانشجویان است، نگارنده که سالیانی چند به تدریس بوستان در دانشگاه اشتغال دارد، ضمن ارج نهادن به زحمات و کوشش های ارزنده ایشان بر خود فرض می داند اشکالاتی که حین مطالعه و تدریس به نظرش رسیده است با خوانندگان این اثر به ویژه قشر دانشگاهی در میان بگذارد. برای این منظور، نخست بیت هایی که به نظر می رسید از لحاظ معنایی یا ساختار نحوی، ارتباط عمودی با بیت های دیگر و... اشکال و ایرادی دارد، استخراج کرده و با مراجعه به شرح نسخه بدل ها به شیوه فنی و قیاسی با استناد و استشهاد به اشعار سعدی و بعضاً شاعران دیگر، ضبط ارجح را انتخاب کرد. از این رو، در مقاله حاضر، 26 نمونه از این اشکالات طبقه بندی و به ترتیب زیر مطرح و بررسی شده است: 1- اشکالاتی که به معنای کلمه یا جمله مربوط می شود. 2- بیت هایی که با سبک سخن سعدی همخوانی ندارد. 3- اشکالاتی که مربوط به نحو کلام است. 4- اشکالاتی که ناشی از بی توجهی به رسم الخط متن است. 5- اشکالاتی که به ارتباط عمودی ابیات مربوط می شود.Correction of Twenty-Six Verses from Saadi's Bustan Corrected by Dr. Gholam Hossein Yousefi
Among the famous and reliable corrections of Saadi's Bustan, including the corrected version of Professor Gholam Hossein Yousefi, despite many merits, there are some mistakes. Professor Yousefi's proofreading is important in the literary and academic community and is used and cited by professors and students as one of the main sources of Saadi's poetry. The author, who has been teaching Busan at the university for several years, while appreciating the valuable efforts of Professor Yousefi, considers it her duty to share with the readers of this work, the problems that have occurred to her while studying and teaching. For this purpose, she first extracted the verses that seemed to have a connection with other verses in terms of meaning or syntactic structure, etc. Saadi and sometimes other poets chose the preferred recording. Therefore, in this article, twenty-six examples of these problems are classified and discussed in the following order: Problems related to the meaning of the word or sentence. Verses that do not match Saadi's speech style. Problems that are related to the syntax of words. Problems caused by not paying attention to the script of the text. Problems related to the connection of verses. Keywords: Bustan, Saadi, Correction, Gholam Hossein Yousefi. 1.Introduction Gholam Hossein Yousefi's revision of Saadi’s Bustan has more credibility and acceptance than other revisions of this book; although it is not without problems. In this article, the author has reviewed and criticized twenty-six cases of Dr. Yousefi's proofreading problems. Literature Review Regarding the correction of Bustan, especially in the criticism of Yousefi's correction, two studies have been carried out: the book «بازیافت بوستانی های سعدی» "Restored Verses of Saadi's Bustans" authored by Dr. Jafar Moayed Shirazi, in which one hundred and ten verses from Bustan are examined in terms of correction, and the article "Criticism on correcting some verses of the Boostan" by Dr. Mohammad Nikmanesh, which examines twelve verses and is of course mostly related to the description of verses. Methodology First, the author extracted the verses that seemed to have problems in terms of meaning or syntactic structure or... and by referring to the description of the modified versions given by Professor Yousefi at the end of the book, she examined the different recordings according to the style of Saadi's speech. And in a technical and analogical way, citing and referencing the poems of Saadi and sometimes other poets, the author chose the preferred recording, and in the present article, she has reviewed twenty-six verses of such verses. 4.Conclusion The total problems related to Bustan's correction, which have been reviewed in this article, can be divided into five categories: 1) Problems that are related to the meaning of the word or sentence and there are a total of nine cases in the following order: 1_1. Verse 72 Text recording: Orphan, whose uncreated Koran soundly Effaced so many confessions’ libraries کتبخانه چند ملت بشست یتیمی که ناکرده قرآن درست Suggested recording: seven 1_2. Verse 226 Text recording: Nature, this becomes to a man in prudence In hope of good and fear of evil به امید نیکی و بیم بدی طبیعت شود مرد را بخردی Suggested recording: The verse should be removed. 1_3. Verse 527 Text recording: But if he till late the night enlivens Men sleep reposefully, and even soothed بخسبند مردم به آرام و ناز وگر زنده دارد شب دیرتاز Suggested recording: دیریاز 1_4. Verse 1523 Text recording: Tears his robes, like a rose at the hand of a thorn For the warm lover smiles, like the pomegranate torn که خون در دل افتاده خندد چو نار بدرّد چو گل جامه از دست خار Suggested recording: ندرّد 1_5. Verse 2520 Text recording: I have not seen a thorn pierce a flower so quick, As the heads of his arrows pierced shields that were thick که پیکان او در سپرهای جفت چنان خار در گُل ندیدم که رفت Suggested recording: زفت 1_6. Verse 2586 Text recording: For a Tartar's hard arrow-head, stuck in the chest, Is better than eating what will not digest به از نقل مأکول ناسازگار که در سینه پیکان تیر تتار Suggested recording: ثقل 1_7. Verse 2905 Text recording: Do not show to a man what lies hid in your mind! For he, surely, will tell it to all he can find که او خود نگوید برِ هر کسی تو پیدا مکن راز دل بر کسی Suggested recording: بگوید 1_8. Verse 2910 Text recording: You know when a fiend from his cage gets away, He will never return, though "la-houl"[1] you should say نیاید به لاحولِ کس باز پس تو دانی که چون دیو رفت از قفس Suggested Recording: مرغ 1_9. Verse 3550 Text recording: No better advice Sa'di's pages contain: When a wall's undermined, do not near it remain! که چون پای دیوار کندی مایست در اوراق سعدی چنین پند نیست Suggested recording: جز این 2) Problems caused by neglecting Saadi's speech style: 2_1. Verse 459 Text recording: Should a man rule the world from the East to the West, And plunder the rich, he's a beggar at best چو مال از توانگر ستاند گداست بر آفاق اگر سر به سر پادشاست Suggested recording: رعیت 2_2. Verse 1440 Text recording: Perhaps the renowned one attacked you, instead? And, from weakness, you failed in the combat, and fled?" نیاوردی از ضعف تاب نبرد مگر بر تو نام آوری حمله کرد؟ Suggested recording: زورآوری 2_3. Verse 2138 Text recording: Why do you wish well for an infidel pest? On the city and people, why evil request? چه بد خواستی بر سر خلق شهر چو بدعهد را نیک خواهی ز بهر Suggested recording: The verse should be removed. 2_4. Verse 2268 Text recording: The English version of this verse is not available. چو در رقص بر می توانند جست چرا کرد باید نماز از نشست؟ Suggested recording: The verse should be removed. 2_5. Verse 2635 Text recording: If your outward appearance be hideous, or fine, Has it not been portrayed by the Artist Divine? نگارنده دست تقدیر، اوست گرت صورت حال، بد یا نکوست Suggested recording: نگاریده دست تقدیرِ 2_6. Verse 3659 Text recording: Shed a shower of tears, now that eyes you have got! There's a tongue in your mouth, let excuses be brought! زبان در دهان است عذری بیار کنونت که چشم است اشکی ببار Suggested recording: کنون کت زبان 3) Some problems are related to the syntax of words: 3_1. Verse 243 Text recording: But a very short time sees the structure effaced Of him who an evil foundation has placed بکند آن که بنهاد بنیاد بد بسی برنیاید که بنیاد خود Suggested recording: بسی برنیامد 3_2. Verse 480 Text recording: I have conquered a world by my manhood and strength; And yet, to the grave cannot bear it at length." ولیکن نبردیم با خود به گور گرفتیم عالم به مردی و زور Suggested recording: ولیکن نبردند با خود به گور گرفتند عالم به مردی و زور 3_3. Verse 2276 Text recording: When a man has a great many others disgraced; What cares he when any one's honour's effaced?" چه غم داردش ز آبروی کسی؟ یکی کرده بی آبرویی بسی Suggested recording: دارد از 3_4. Verse 3636 Text recording: Yourself in the Oxus, who told you to cast? If you do, with your hands and your feet strike out fast! چو افتاد هم دست و پایی بزن که گفتت به جیحون درانداز تن؟ Suggested recording: افتاده ای 4) Four of the problems are caused by neglecting the script. 4_1. Verse 32 Text recording: The Eternal Weil-Doer, admiring good ways, In the womb with Fate's pencil a figure portrays. به کلک قضا در رحم نقشبند قدیمی نکوکار نیکی پسند Suggested recording: قدیمِ 4_2. Verse 3325 Text recording: When they stopped the supply and divided the string, To the breast of the mother your hand had to cling. به پستان مادر درآویخت دست چو نافش بریدند روزی گسست Suggested recording: به پستان مادر درآویخت دست چو نافش بریدند و روزی گسست 4_3. Verse 3632 Text recording: Fate deprived me of time, in a sorrowful hour, Of which ev'ry day was the great "night of 'Pow'r." که هر روزی از وی شبی قدر بود قضا روزگاری ز من در ربود Suggested recording: شبِ 4_4. Verse 3695 Text recording: Fancy caused him to dote, and look frenzied and wan; The crab sunk its claws in the brains of the man. به مغزش فرو برده خرچنگ، چنگ خیالش خرف کرده کالیوه رنگ Suggested recording: به مغزش فرو برده خرچنگ، چنگ خیالش خرف کرد و کالیوه رنگ 5) Another problem is related to the vertical connection of the verses, which is the result of moving the verses: 1-5. Some verses have been moved from 261 to 276, and the correct order is as follows: The Great show for travelers solicitous care, That their name linked with praise through the world they may bear. Very soon will the kingdom experience decay, From which the poor stranger heart grieved comes away. Be the stranger's companion and traveller's friend ! For a trav'ller will cause a good name to extend. Show respect to a guest and the pilgrims revere ; From their miseries, likewise, preserve yourself clear ! From a stranger's regard it is well to abstain ; For a foe can the look of a friend eas'ly feign. The stranger, with mischievous thoughts in his head, Do not hurt ! but expel from the country, instead. ....... * * * The rank of your aged retainers upraise! For those you have reared never show rebel ways. ....... 5_2. Verses 1180 to 1182 have nothing to do with the preceding and following verses and are related to another place, probably related to the seventh chapter (در عالم تربیت). 3-5. Verses 2914 to 2920 are superfluous or belong to another place. . [1]. La haul wa la kuwata ilia billah, "There is no strength nor power but in God. " An expression used in case of sudden misfortune and to exorcise evil spirits, etc.
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