طرح و نقد مفهوم «آزادی مثبت» با تکیه بر مبانی قرآنی علامه طباطبائی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
آزادی مثبت به واسطه تأکید بر عقل به عنوان وجه قوام بُعد عالی وجود انسان، در وهله نخست در معرض شناخت به مثابه مفهومی دارای قرابت با مبانی انسان شناسی اسلامی قرار دارد. از این رو ضرورت دارد علاوه بر ارائه یکپارچه و دقیق از این مفهوم، به نقد مبنایی آن بر اساس رویکرد اسلامی پرداخت. در این نوشتار مبتنی بر تفسیر روشی متن محور، پس از ارائه چیستی مفهوم آزادی مثبت، با تکیه بر مبانی قرآنی علامه طباطبائی به نقد و ارزیابی آن پرداخته می شود. در این مفهوم عقل، عنصر اساسی است که ضرورت بخش اتصاف انسان به آزادی بوده و در صورت قرار گرفتن در محور انتظام بخشی حیات اجتماعی، امکان بهره مندی از آزادی را برای انسان فراهم می آورد. این در صورتی است که مبنای اتصاف به آزادی در قرآن کریم خلافت الهی انسان است که تنها با حاکمیت یافتن حق در عرصه حیات اجتماعی امکان بهره مندی از آزادی برای انسان پدید می آورد. ارائه درکی استقلالی از انسان با تکیه بر عقل و همچنین عدم تفکیک عقل در مقام اثبات و ثبوت از جمله عواملی هستند که موجب انحراف این مفهوم از حقیقت آزادی می شوند.illustrating and criticizing the concept of "positive freedom" based on the Quranic foundations of Allameh Tabatabai
Positive freedom, by emphasizing reason as an aspect of the consistency of the higher dimension of human existence, is primarily exposed to cognition as a concept closely related to the principles of Islamic anthropology. Therefore, in addition to providing a comprehensive and accurate presentation of this concept, it is necessary to critique its basis based on an Islamic approach. In this article, based on a text-based interpretation, after presenting the concept of positive freedom, it is criticized and evaluated based on the Quranic principles of Allameh Tabatabai. In this sense, reason is the basic element that is necessary for human beings to attain freedom, and if they are at the center of the regulation of social life, it will enable human beings to enjoy freedom. This is if the basis of attaining freedom in the Holy Qur'an is the divine caliphate of man, which only with the rule of law in the field of social life, it is possible for man to enjoy freedom. Providing an independent understanding of man by relying on reason, as well as the lack of separation of reason in the position of proof and proof are among the factors that cause this concept to deviate from the truth of freedom. Philosophers who believe in positive freedom by emphasizing reason are shaping a human being independent of God Almighty. This is in the case that man's attribution of freedom is basically rooted in his divine caliphate. Therefore, human freedom is due to the fact that he has the right to rule and exercise his will secondarily, and not independently. As a result, the development of an independent understanding of human beings means distancing oneself from the real basis that prepares freedom for human beings. The Holy Qur'an also explicitly outlines the agents and obstacles to freedom by designing the element of "truth" as the circuit of freedom. Therefore, any factor that seeks to plan, establish and maintain the rule of law over society is an agent of freedom, and any factor that seeks to oppose the right and damage its rule is considered an obstacle to freedom. Hence, religion, government based on the axis of innocence and popular control can be proposed as agents of freedom and the devil, tyranny and the public and dissidents as the main obstacles to freedom.
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