توسعه مدل راهبردهای استفاده از ظرفیت خیرین در توسعه زیرساخت های ورزش کشور
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از منابع مهم تأمین منابع مالی برای توسعه زیرساخت های ورزش ظرفیت خیرین است؛ از این رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی راهبردهای استفاده از ظرفیت خیرین در توسعه زیرساخت های ورزش کشور است. این پژوهش به روش کیفی انجام شد و برای تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد که ماهیت اکتشافی دارد. نمونه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تعدادی از خیرین فعال در حوزه ورزش، مدیران ارشد ورزشی و اساتید دانشگاهی صاحب نظر در این حوزه است. نمونه گیری به دو روش نمونه گیری هدفمند و نمونه گیری گلوله برفی انجام شد و با 23 مصاحبه به اشباع نظری رسید. به منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده شد. برای سنجش روایی و پایایی از مقبولیت، قابلیت انتقال، تأییدپذیری و بازآزمون استفاده شد. از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها 262 مفهوم اولیه استخراج شد که در 41 کد باز و 8 مضمون فرعی و 4 مضمون اصلی قرار گرفتند. مضامین اصلی شناسایی شده شامل راهبردهای مشارکتی و تعامل، راهبردهای حمایتی، راهبردهای فرهنگی و ترویجی و راهبردهای عملیاتی و هدایتی هستند. شناسایی و به کارگیری راهبردها و سیاست های مناسب به منظور بیشترین بهره مندی از ظرفیت های خیرین می تواند نقشی مهم را در تأمین مالی و تسریع در اجرای پروژه های عمرانی ورزشی ایفا کند.Developing a Model of Strategic Approaches for Utilizing Donors' Capacity in the Enhancement of National Sports Infrastructure
IntroductionSport plays a significant role in health promotion, quality of life enhancement, and empowerment of individuals and society. Public inclination towards sports necessitates the continuous development of sports facilities, equipment, and spaces, as the quantity and quality of such infrastructure directly influence the expansion of sporting activities within the community. One of the primary challenges in developing sports infrastructure is the reduction of governmental financial resources.In these circumstances, attracting support and financial contributions from donors for the construction and improvement of sports facilities appears essential. Donors allocate a portion of their assets for philanthropic purposes, which may include land, buildings, equipment, and financial resources. In the realm of sports, donors can play a crucial role in developing sports infrastructure, such as stadiums, halls, and playing fields, by financing construction and renovation projects.However, to effectively harness donors' capacity in this domain, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies, such as fostering coordination and collaboration between the government and donors, conducting precise needs assessments and project prioritization, encouraging donors to engage in underprivileged areas, and strengthening the culture of philanthropy in sports. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to identify efficient strategies for optimal utilization of donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.Research MethodologyThe present study is qualitative and exploratory and employs thematic analysis. The statistical sample comprised several active donors in the sports domain, senior sports managers with experience collaborating with sports donors, and university professors who are experts in this field. Purposive and snowball sampling were utilized, and theoretical saturation was achieved after 23 interviews. Initial interview questions were formulated based on the research background and intended objectives, with additional questions incorporated depending on interview conditions. Each interview concluded by posing an open-ended question to interviewees, such as "Do you think there is anything that has not been asked about?" Interview durations ranged from 20 to 30 minutes. Following the interviews, thematic analysis was applied to extract strategies for utilizing donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.To validate the study's findings, Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluative criteria were employed as a framework for assessing qualitative research quality. These criteria include credibility, transferability, and dependability, which correspond to the conventional concepts in quantitative research known as internal validity, external validity, and reliability or trustworthiness, respectively. To calculate interview reliability, the intra-topical agreement method was used. The test-retest reliability of the interviews in this study, calculated using the aforementioned formula, exceeded 0.81. Given that the reliability coefficient is greater than 0.60 (Stemler, 2001), the trustworthiness of the coding is confirmed and deemed acceptable. Research FindingsFollowing coding based on thematic analysis, 41 sub-themes were extracted and categorized into 8 secondary themes and 4 main themes, comprising participatory and interaction strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. It is noteworthy that secondary themes were derived after repeated examination of interviews, subsequently informing the formation of main themes.Results were classified into 4 categories: participatory and interaction strategies (themes of participatory strategies, transparency, and trust-building strategies), supportive strategies (themes of financial and investment strategies, motivational and supportive strategies), cultural and promotional strategies (themes of cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, benchmarking strategies), and operational and guidance strategies (themes of executive strategies, managerial strategies).The Shannon matrix indicates the frequency and relative importance of key identifiers recognized in this study from the perspective of the samples under investigation. Based on collected data, motivational and supportive strategies, with a coefficient of 58, held the highest importance. Subsequently, cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, with a coefficient of 55, and transparency and trust-building strategies, with a coefficient of 48, were highly prioritized according to participants' views. Furthermore, participatory strategies with a coefficient of 42, managerial strategies with 24, financial and investment strategies with 18, and finally, executive and benchmarking strategies with a coefficient of 8 had the lowest relative importance. This priority order may indicate the significance and special emphasis of research participants on motivational, cultural, and transparency strategies for engaging donors in sports infrastructure development. Discussion and ConclusionOverall, based on the findings of this research, to optimally utilize donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure, a multifaceted and comprehensive approach should be adopted. This approach must encompass a set of participatory and interactive strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. Initially, involving donors in decision-making, considering their opinions, maintaining continuous interaction, and ensuring transparency of actions are of paramount importance. Subsequently, motivating donors through recognition and encouragement appears essential. Alongside these factors, cultural development and awareness-raising in society to promote donors' participation in sports, as well as benchmarking from others' experiences, should be taken into account. Finally, implementing operational and managerial strategies such as organizing sports events, presenting attractive projects, designing a donors' charter, capacity building, and permit exemptions are crucial for attracting and guiding donors' participation. In sum, by simultaneously and coordinately employing these strategies across various dimensions, the valuable capacity of donors can be harnessed towards developing the country's sports infrastructure, taking fundamental and effective steps in this direction. The findings of this study can serve as a roadmap for managers and policymakers in the sports domain for optimal utilization of donors' capacity. AcknowledgmentsThe research team extends its heartfelt gratitude to all the participants who generously devoted their valuable time and shared their knowledge and experiences.
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