تبیین تاثیر رفتار قلمروپایی ساکنان سکونتگاه های غیر رسمی بر شکل گیری الگوی مسکن (نمونه مطالعاتی :محلات بانبور، بان برز، سبزی آباد، ایلام) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش باهدف بررسی ارتباط بین ویژگی های کالبدی مسکن در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی و رفتار قلمروپایی ساکنان سکونتگاه های غیررسمی شهر ایلام انجام شده است. علی رغم اهمیت بالای مفهوم رفتار قلمروپایی و نقش آن بر ویژگی های کالبدی مسکن، تاکنون مطالعه جامعی درزمینه ارتباط بین این مفاهیم به ویژه در بستر محلات حاشیه نشین ایران انجام نشده است. در راستای این هدف، محلات حاشیه نشین شهر ایلام به عنوان یکی از مناطق با بالاترین نرخ حاشیه نشینی در کشور جهت مطالعه میدانی انتخاب شده اند. مدل مفهومی پژوهش بر مبنای مطالعات نظری و مصاحبه های کیفی عمیق بر اساس روش تئوری زمینه ای تدوین و تدقیق شده است. مصاحبه های عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته با ساکنان محلات حاشیه نشین بانبور، بان برز و سبزی آباد در شهر ایلام انجام شده و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافته است. سپس برمبنای روش پیمایش و سنجش کمی، وزن و اهمیت مفاهیم شناسایی شده، بر مبنای آرای متخصصین معماری و شهرسازی شهر ایلام ارزیابی و واکاوی شده است. نتایج تحلیل ها نشانگر آن است که معیارهای اثرگذار بر ویژگی های کالبدی مسکن محلات حاشیه نشین مبتنی بر رفتار قلمروپایی ساکنان را می توان در ابعاد مکان یابی قلمرو و عرصه عمومی، مفاهیم اجتماعی، مفاهیم فرهنگی، مفاهیم اقتصادی ، مفاهیم کالبدی و مفاهیم ادراکی بررسی نمود. یافته های این پژوهش نشانگر این است که ارتباط دوسویه ای بین ویژگی های کالبدی مسکن محلات حاشیه نشین و مفاهیم فرهنگی، اجتماعی، ادراکی، اقتصادی و قلمروپایی فضاهای عمومی در محلات حاشیه نشین شهر ایلام وجود دارد .توجه به این مفاهیم می تواند منجر به ارتقا کیفیت مسکن در محلات حاشیه نشین مبتنی بر رفتار قلمروپایی ساکنان گردد.Territorial Behavior of Residents in Marginalized Areas: Analyzing Its Impact on Housing Patterns (Case Study: Banbor, Ban Barz, Sabzi Abad Neighborhoods in Ilam Province)
Nowadays, a significant number of residents in developing countries live in informal settlements. The process of urbanization, accompanied by rapid population growth in cities, has led to the formation of consequences such as informal settlements around cities and metropolises, developed outside the official development plan. Marginal neighborhoods are mostly lacking in safety, stability, social security, services, and urban infrastructure. One of the most important symbols in recognizing informal housing is the physical and structural indicators and characteristics of housing. Housing and environmental conditions are one of the most influential factors affecting people's satisfaction with living in a neighborhood. One of the concepts that affect the quality of life in settlements is the concept of territory and territorial behavior of residents. The concept of territory refers to the formation of a limited area that individuals or a group of individuals regularly and sustainably benefit from, and feel a sense of belonging and ownership towards the space. Any personalization and marking of the environment or defense against interference is considered territorial behavior. Despite the high importance of the concept of territorial behavior and its role in the physical characteristics of housing, a comprehensive study has not yet been conducted on the relationship between these concepts, especially in the context of marginal neighborhoods in Iran. In line with this goal, the marginal neighborhoods of Ilam city have been selected as one of the areas with the highest rate of marginalization in the country for field study.Methodology This study has been conducted using a mixed-method approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. Since the main objective of this research is to identify the relationship between residents' territorial behavior and the physical characteristics of housing in marginal areas, the research questions have been formulated based on the nature, methodology, and background of the study. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, a combination of in-depth field interviews with residents, field observations of selected housing in neighborhoods, and quantitative evaluations by architecture and urban planning experts have been used to examine this bidirectional relationship between the physical characteristics and territorial behavior of residents.Results and discussion A comprehensive review of theoretical studies has shown that limited research has been conducted on the physical characteristics of housing in marginal areas of Ilam city. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on how behavioral, social, cultural, and cognitive factors influence the formation of these physical patterns. Field visits and in-depth interviews indicate that residents, driven by self-interest, have made extensive changes to public and semi-public spaces, and due to the lack of order and regulation, this behavior has become normalized. These actions include unauthorized construction, relocation of high-pressure cables, and encroachment on public lands to create personal spaces. The findings of the research indicate that the perceptual-cognitive framework of residents plays a significant role in shaping the physical characteristics of marginal areas. Additionally, based on the findings, household economic status, social proximity such as kinship ties, and personal relationships play a crucial role in the formation and location of houses in these neighborhoods.Experts have emphasized the strong correlation between housing affordability, housing and economic issues, and the cost of construction in central areas of the city when explaining the physical characteristics of housing in marginal areas based on residents' territorial behavior. Furthermore, environmental factors, access to services, and personal relationships are among the most influential criteria in defining the physical characteristics of housing in marginal areas. Based on the findings, principles of interior aesthetics, order, law enforcement, spatial compatibility with residents' needs and desires, have the lowest average rank and importance in defining the physical characteristics of housing based on residents' territorial behavior. Additionally, among the main concepts, the economic concept has the highest average rank. The results of the correlation analysis show that perceptual and physical concepts have the highest mutual influence, indicating that perceptual concepts such as privacy and security play a significant role in shaping the physical patterns of housing in marginal areas. Perceptual criteria can be considered one of the key criteria in the formation of the physical patterns of housing in marginal areas based on residents' territorial behavior.Conclusion In conclusion, it can be inferred that the physical characteristics of housing and residents' territorial behavior in marginal areas have a close and bidirectional relationship, playing a significant role in shaping the design patterns of housing in these areas. The findings of this research highlight the importance of considering residents' territorial behaviors, cultural beliefs, social relationships, mindset, and attitudes, as well as their economic status and income level, in the design of residential environments. Architects and urban designers should pay attention to the territorial behavior and the significance of these concepts for residents in designing the physical characteristics of housing in these areas. By considering the needs and desires of residents, they can create safe, comfortable, and functional living spaces that cater to the specific requirements of the inhabitants.
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