بررسی روان شناختی شخصیت بهرام گور (در داستان های وزیر خائن و فتنه) بر اساس نظریه اریک برن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نظریه تحلیل رفتار متقابل اریک برن، با توجه به ارتباطات میان انسان ها و روابط درونی آن ها تصویری از ساختار روانی شخصیت ها ارائه می کند. با کمک این نظریه کاربردی و با توجه به ارتباط عمیق میان ادبیات و روان شناسی، می توان به تجزیه وتحلیل شخصیت های داستان های متون کهن ادب فارسی پرداخت. بررسی این متون بر اساس نظریه های روان شناسی، می تواند دست مایه بسیاری از پژوهش های میان رشته ای باشد. مدل تحلیل رفتار متقابل اریک برن، بر پایه حالات نفسانی من (کودک، والد و بالغ) بنا شده است. نگارندگان در این جستار، با توجه به مفاهیم کلیدی (حالات من؛ نوازش ها، بازی های روانی و زنجیره روابط) به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای به بررسی شخصیت بهرام گور، در منظومه هفت پیکر نظامی گنجوی پرداخته اند. یافته ها نشان می دهد که شخصیت بهرام گور در وضعیت کودک با غلبه بالغ است که در مسیر زندگی و روند حوادث رشد می کند و به کمال می رسد. در این منظومه نوازش های کلامی از دیگر نوازش ها بسامد بالاتری دارند. بهرام گور در بازی های روانی بیشتر در نقش ناجی حضور می یابد و در زنجیره روابط متقابل، ارتباطات او در هفت گنبد و دیدار هفت مظلوم از نوع مکمل و موازی است.Psychological investigation of Bahram Gur (in the stories of the treacherous minister and fetneh) based on the theory of Eric Berne
Eric Burn's theory of mutual behavior analysis provides an image of the psychological structure of personalities in alignment with the communication between people and their internal relationships. By the assistance of this practical theory and considering the deep connection between literature and psychology, it is possible to analyze the characters of the stories of ancient Persian literary texts. Examining these texts based on psychological theories can be the subject of many interdisciplinary researches. Researches like this show the capacity and capabilities of ancient literary texts. Eric Berne's model of mutual behavior analysis is based on the emotional states of "I" (child, parent, and adult). In this essay, the authors have studied the character of Bahram Gur in Ganjavi's Haft Pykar Nezami system in a descriptive-analytical way and using library sources, according to the key concepts (my moods, caresses, mental games, and the chain of relationships). The findings show that Bahram Gur has a dynamic personality and is in the state of "child" with the predominance of "adult" who grows and reaches perfection in the course of life and the process of events. In this system, verbal caresses have a higher frequency than other caresses. Bahram Gur is mostly present in the role of a savior in psychological games, and in the chain of mutual relationships, his connections in the Haft Gonbad and the visit of the Haft Mazloum are complementary and parallel.
Introduction:
Eric Berne's theory of interactional behavior analysis is a type of personality psychology in which different aspects of a personality are examined. This theory provides a picture of the psychological structure of the characters based on the observation and evaluation of the patient's behavior and his interaction with others and based on his emotional states (child, parent, and adult) and considering the connections between people and their internal relationships. In the eyes of Eric Berne, each of my states is an emotional system that carries with it a pattern of thought and behavior. The balance and interaction of these states with each other means; Mental health. This behavior model aims to strengthen the positive parts of behavior and personality and remove the negative parts. Precisely, whenever one of these three dimensions dominates the other parts and does not let them play their role, psychological damage occurs. Eric Berne uses the method of three circles to represent my emotional states and in 1956 via publishing two articles. He comes across introducing this new approach in psychotherapy. The interactive behavior analysis model can be used as an applied theory in the analysis of human behavior in clinical, therapeutic, organizational, developmental psychology, communication, management, personality, relationships and behavior. With the help of this practical theory and considering the deep connection between literature and psychology, it is possible to analyze the characters of the stories in the ancient texts of Persian literature. It can be eye-catchingly observed that that there is a close and two-way relationship between the knowledge of literature and the science of psychology. On the one hand, it is the mental capacity of the writer and the songwriter that one can understand his way of thinking and understand his works better, and on the other hand, the literary work creates a psychological balance in the reader and makes him enjoy the text and the reason for the progress and excellence of thought, as well as leading to the growth of society. So, with a psychological look at ancient Persian literary texts, we can gain a better understanding of them.
Materials and Methods:
The applied method to be integrated is the descriptive-analytical, which is based on the analysis method of results obtained from library studies by collecting information from the analysis method. According to the steps, identifying sources and documents related to the subject, studying, extracting and collecting the required information should be considered. The classification of the sheets and the obtained information, the examination of psychological terms based on the theory of Eric Berne, the analysis, description, interpretation and explanation of the findings, by mentioning the evidence of Nezami-y-Ganjavi's poems and the conclusion, have been done.
Results and Discussion:
Critics consider it important to pay attention to the science of psychology in the deep understanding of literary works because the power of imagination and the inner states and emotional states of parents, children and adults (thoughts, feelings and behavior) of the writer or poet have a direct and indirect impact on his works. Examining the characters of Ganjavi's military stories from a psychological point of view (Eric Burn's behavioral model of interactional behavior analysis) is a new and innovative topic that can be the subject of many interdisciplinary researches. Reviewing literary texts based on psychological theories is a type of interdisciplinary studies that will increase the scientific ability of researchers, professors and students. Conducting this type of interdisciplinary research will make these sciences more practical. Examining these stories from the perspective of psychology reveals another facet of these works, and introducing the personality dimensions of the heroes of the stories to the readers makes them replace negative and destructive relationships with healthy and constructive ones.The purpose of this essay is to examine "Bahram Gur's character" and show his personality evolution in the stories of the treacherous minister and Fetneh from Haft Pykar Nezami-y-Ganjavi. The authors interpret and analyze the mutual behaviors of the characters of these stories according to the key concepts (my moods, caresses, psychological games, and the chain of relationships) and introduce the reader to their inner characteristics and ask for two questions. First and foremost, Eric's theory of mutual behavior analysis Byrne, which addresses the extent to which the transformation of Bahram Gur's character in the stories of the treacherous minister and Fetneh can be shown. Followed by that, is questioning the outward behavior of Bahram Gur and each of these characters to be rooted in any of the mental and psychological characteristics and sensual states of their parents, children or adults.
Conclusion:
The findings show that the character of Bahram Gur is in the natural and adapted emotional state of a child at the beginning of the Fetneh story, and at the end of the story he is in an adult state. The general nature of Bahram's character in these stories is a child dominated by an adult, who grows and reaches perfection in the course of life and events. As Bahram Gur seeks social status, he organizes caresses with the aim of gaining power. In this system, verbal caresses have a higher frequency than other caresses. He plays in all three roles of victim, savior and oppressor in psychological games, and of course he appears mostly in the role of savior and in the chain of mutual relations, conversations between Bahram and the Iranians and their correspondence and Bahram's communication after seeing the maid in the colonel's house. It is a kind of complementary and parallel relationships, and the mutual relationships at the beginning of the story of Fetneh and Bahram and the relationship between Bahram and Khaqan Chin are of a cross type. In general, the effect of domination is parallel and complementary to relationships, and no angular relationship was seen in the relationships between Bahram and other characters. Bahram's character, in this work, gets closer to evolution and prosperity step by step until he knows his inner and existential capabilities and this knowledge leads to his survival in the minds.
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