واکاوی شهود مقولی در پژوهش های منطقی هوسرل (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هوسرل در پژوهش ششم از پژوهش های منطقی ، دربارۀ «شهود مقولی» بحث کند. در شهود مقولی با اضافه ای فوق بر ادراکات حسی مواجه ایم که در مرحلۀ انتقال ادراک حسی به گزاره ای، محمولی بدان افزوده می شود. مسئلۀ مقالۀ حاضر، تبیین جایگاه شهود مقولی و نسبت آن با ادراک از نظرگاه هوسرل در پژوهش های منطقی اوست. ضرورت و اهمیت این مسئله آن اندازه است که می توان آن را شالوده و سنگ بنای پدیدارشناسی و هر نظریۀ شناخت آینده دانست و حتی هایدگر آن را یکی از چهار موضوع اصلی پدیدارشناسی هوسرل برمی شمرد. روند بحث با توضیح تفاوت «ادراک»، «شهود»، «ابژه» و «پُرشدگی» آغاز می شود. سپس با استفاده از روش تحلیلی- توصیفی رابطۀ شهود مقولی با عناصر مقولی تفکر، تقابل افعال بسیط و مقولی، مراحل افعال در شهود مقولی تألیفی، نقش مهم احساس در شهود مقولی و در کنار شهود مقولی تألیفیْ، شهود ایدتیک بررسی خواهد شد. یکی از دستاوردهای این نوشتار، شرح مراحل سه گانۀ شهودهای مقولی تألیفی است: ادراک بسیط ابتدایی از کل، ادراکات تقسیم کننده به اجزای کوچک تر، و التفات تألیفی مقولی بالفعل. نوآوری این نوشتار در این است که از نظر هوسرل ما همان طور که از ابژه های حسی شهود داریم، شهود عقلی و شهود مقولی نیز داریم.Analysis of categorial intuition in Husserl's Logical Investigations
Phenomenologists enumerate the four main topics of Husserl's phenomenology and discuss them in detail: phenomenology, categorical intuition, the meaning of the a priori, the phenomenological principle. The importance of categorical intuition shows itself in the link between phenomenology and ontology. The first aspect in the importance of categorical intuition is related to the interpretation of truth in phenomenology. The interpretation of truth in this point of view is close to the view of the Greeks, who attached real value even to simple perception. Another aspect of the importance of discussing categorical intuition is to emphasize that when expressing sensory perception and passing judgment, there are things that cannot be perceived; for example, in the sentence "This table is blue", we see neither "this" nor "is". The third aspect of the importance of categorical intuitions is that these intuitions constitute the new perceived objectivity; That is, they make simple objects more original. The perceived objectivity that manifests itself in such a categorical intuition is itself a mode of being objective; so, with the discovery of categorical intuition, the concept of objectivity expanded and with the phenomenological research, the way of research that the former ontology was looking for is obtained. There is no ontology parallel to phenomenology; rather, ontology is not a science except phenomenology. In Husserl's opinion, any action that fills the presentation and confirms itself is called "perception"; and every fulfilling act is called "intuition"; and "object" refers to any kind of intentional correlate. Husserl discusses "categorial intuition" in the sixth investigation of Logical Investigations . In categorial intuition, we are dealing with sensory perceptions with the surplus, which is added to a predicative assertion at the stage of transferring sensory perception. The problem of the present article is to explain the position of categorial intuition and its relationship with perception from Husserl's point of view in his Logical Investigations . The necessity and importance of this issue is such that it can be considered as the foundation of phenomenology and any future knowledge theory, and even Heidegger considered it one of the four main issues of Husserl's phenomenology. The discussion begins with an explanation of the difference between "perception", "intuition", "object" and "fulfillment". Then, using the analytical-descriptive method, the relationship of categorial intuition with the categorial elements of thinking, the contrast between simple and categorial acts, the stages of acts in synthetic categorical intuition, the important role of sensation in categorial intuition, and eidetic intuition will be investigated next to synthetic categorial intuition. One of the achievements of this article is the exposition of the three stages of synthetic categorial intuitions: simple perception of the whole, subdividing perceptions, and categorial synthetic intention. The innovation of this article is that, according to Husserl, we have intellectual and categorial intuition just as we have intuition of sensory objects.