گردشگری اجتماع محور و توسعه سکونتگاه های ساحلی - پیراشهری بوشهر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
حضور آگاهانه ی مردم در صحنه فعالیت های گردشگری از طریق اصل ارتباط ارگانیک بین توسعه پایدار و گردشگری پایدار، یکی از شاخص های اصلی توسعه پایدار است. امروزه از گردشگری اجتماع محور تحت عنوان CBT یاد می کنند در حقیقت CBT، نوعی از گردشگری جایگزین است که بر ظرفیت سازی و توانمندسازی مردم محلّی، به عنوان ابزارهایی برای رسیدن به توسعه جامعه تمرکز دارد. این نوع از گردشگری براساس رویکرد مشارکتی شکل گرفته است، مشارکت فعّال جامعه در برنامه ریزی گردشگری را تسهیل می کند، روابط متقابل میان گردشگران و جامعه را افزایش می دهد و میراث فرهنگی و طبیعی منطقه را حفظ می کند. بخشی از گردشگری روستایی به روستاهای پیراشهری مربوط می شود که به دلیل جاذبه های تاریخی، طبیعی و تفریحگاهی به عنوان خانه های دوم همواره نقش اساسی را ایفاء نموده اند و به واسطه همین نقش، جایگاه متفاوتی را داشته اند. بر همین اساس هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی و سنجش اثرات گردشگری اجتماع محور بر توسعه سکونتگاه های روستاهای ساحلی پیرامون شهر بوشهر است. روش پژوهش این تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی؛ و نوع آن پیمایشی است. ساکنان سکونتگاه های روستاهای ساحلی پیرامون شهر بوشهر جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تشکیل می دهند. نمونه آماری این پژوهش از طریق فرمول کوکران به تعداد 400 نفر تعیین شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که بین گردشگری اجتماع محور و توسعه سکونتگاه های روستاهای ساحلی پیرامون شهر بوشهر به لحاظ اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، نهادی و زیست محیطی ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد.Community-oriented tourism and the development of coastal peri-urban settlements of Bushehr
Extended AbstractIntroduction: The conscious presence of people in the scene of tourism activities through the principle of organic connection between sustainable development and sustainable tourism is one of the main indicators of sustainable development. Today, community-based tourism is referred to as CBT. In fact, CBT is a type of alternative tourism that focuses on capacity building and empowerment of local people as tools to achieve community development.This type of tourism is based on a collaborative approach, it facilitates the active participation of the community in tourism planning, increases mutual relations between tourists and the community, and preserves the cultural and natural heritage of the region. Part of rural tourism is related to the villages around the city, which have always played an essential role due to their historical, natural, recreational attractions and as second homes, and because of this role, they have had a different position. Some villages of peri-urban have a good position due to their capacities and tourist attractions. This position is due to the effects of tourism development. A better understanding of these effects can lead to the development of these villages and cities in the area of influence. City-village interactions are carried out in various forms and processes. As a result, part of these interactions is the role and performance of villages. Peri-urban villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas due to their location and spatial location. In this context, the villages that have a superior role and performance always act under the influence of this role, not only their development and expansion is influenced by this role, but its interactions with urban areas are also dependent on this issue. Since the host communities play an important role in the implementation of tourism programs. Therefore, their participation in the sustainable tourism planning process is essential. The main focus of community-based tourism is on the participation of local communities in the development and planning processes of sustainable tourism. Community- tourism is known as a suitable model of sustainable development, which seeks to maximize socio-cultural and economic benefits and minimize negative environmental effects. In line with this type of tourism, the empowerment and development of local communities is considered important and key. Community-based tourism leads to the long-term sustainability of tourism through the economic benefit of the destination from tourism in addition to preserving the natural, social, cultural and economic environment. Also, community-based tourism is a method of profit flow among all those who are affected by tourism. In fact, this type of tourism, the tourist as a part of the society has a reciprocal relationship with the society and leads to the growth of knowledge and development in the local society. The results obtained in this research showed that these results are consistent with the objectives of community-based tourism including economic, socio-cultural, institutional and conservation aspects. Based on this, the aim of this research is to evaluate and measure the effects of community-basedtourism on the development of settlements in coastal villages around Bushehr city.Methodology: The nature of this applied research; its implementation method is descriptive-analytical; And its type is survey. Residents of the coastal villages of Bushehr city constitute the statistical population of this research. The statistical sample of this research was determined by Cochran's formula to the number of 400 people. The required data collection was done using documentary and field methods, and the field method is based on questionnaires. Reliability The questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.95. In this research, in order to analyze the data, statistical methods (descriptive and analytical) have been used in AMOS, SPSS software environment. The study area of the current research is the settlements of coastal villages around Bushehr city. Results and discussion: Since the present research was conducted in the rural areas of Bushehr, and according to their location and spatial location, rural villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas. The results indicate that from the economic aspect, Community-based rural tourism helps to improve the livelihood of the local community in peri-urban settlements through financial and non-financial benefits from tourism activities. Also, from a social point of view, community-based tourism should lead to the preservation of cultural values and traditions, strengthen cohesion and cooperation in the society, and lead to an increase in the self-confidence and pride of the society. . The focus of community-based rural tourism is on the protection of the environment and culture, which provides the sustainability of community-based rural tourism.Conclusion: The results show that there is no difference between people's views on the role of tourism in peri-urban village. The result is that tourism, by playing a role in peri-urban village, in addition to creating various effects in the village from the economic, social and physical point of view, has also transformed some interactions of rural-urban links. From an institutional point of view, it was effective in empowering women and increasing the confidence and belief of the young generation for entrepreneurship and financial independence, and finally, considering that the protection of natural resources is also one of the other basic goals of community-based tourism development. Paying attention to the environment and protection of natural resources is considered with the expansion of this type of tourism, and if rural communities in the form of people's institutions take the lead in identifying and prioritizing their basic needs along with facilitating government institutions, this can be a lot. To make programs and activities efficient and effective .Therefore, the results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between community-based tourism and the development of coastal villages around Bushehr in economic, social, cultural, institutional and environmental terms.Keywords: community-based tourism, rural settlements, coastal villages, peri-urban
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