معاصرسازی نماها و پذیرش اجتماعی آن در فضای پیراشهر تبریز مبتنی بر رویکرد نمای متحرک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه معماران و شهرسازان معاصر به کمک ابزارهای فناورانه در پی طراحی نماهایی هستند که ضمن افزایش بهره وری در زمینه نور و انرژی، ازنظر زیبایی شناختی نیز مورد استقبال شهروندان قرار گیرد. از سوی دیگر بازگشت به هندسه اسلامی و خوانش مجدد آن در تولید مدول های تکرارپذیر و تغییر شکل یابنده که می تواند به طراحی نماهای متحرک بینجامد؛ راهکاری محتمل و قابل آزمون است. ازاین رو، نویسندگان پژوهش حاضر باهدف معاصرسازی نماها به بررسی میزان پذیرش اجتماعی فناوری و گرایش شهروندان به استفاده از نما های متحرک ملهم از نقوش هندسی اسلامی می پردازند. این تحقیق که بر پایه مدل پذیرش فناوری (TAM) شکل گرفته؛ از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش انجام توصیفی– همبستگی است. جامعه آماری آن را شهروندان تبریز و جامعه نمونه را 384 نفر از ساکنین شهرک خاوران در منطقه پیراشهری تبریز تشکیل می دهد. گردآوری داده ها به صورت کتابخانه ای و میدانی با ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفته است. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون پارامتریک همبستگی پیرسون در نرم افزار SPSS25 و AMOS تجزیه وتحلیل شده است. یافته های تحقیق نشان دهنده وجود رابطه معنادار بین متغیرهاست. نتایج تحقیق نیز نشان از فقدان آگاهی ساکنین شهرک خاوران نسبت به مزایای فناوری نماها دارد که خود موجب پیدایش نگرش نه چندان مثبت در میان جامعه آماری شده است. از سوی دیگر تمایل ساکنین این منطقه به تلفیق نمای متحرک با هندسه اسلامی نشان می دهد که الگوگیری از نقوش و هندسه اسلامی در طراحی نماهای متحرک می تواند ضمن معاصرسازی نماها به حفظ هویت اسلامی نیز کمک نموده و با ایجاد تعادل بین فناوری و سنت در نماهای مناطق مختلف شهر به ویژه در مناطق حاشیه ای و شهرک های جدید پیراشهری موجب ارتقای کیفیت بصری گردد.Modernization and social acceptance of facades in peri-urban spaces based on the use of kinetic facades
IntroductionThe subject of urban appearance is the dominant face of the city body and contains the first messages in the eyes of the citizens. This issue has wide and important dimensions due to its close relationship with the category of identity and characteristics of the city (Abbasi, 2016). Nowadays, the improvement of facades with the help of technological tools has caused them to assume a more active role in the relationship between the inside and outside of the building. Among these technological tools is the use of kinetic facade. As one of the examples of smart facades, this type of facades is dynamic and has the ability to change its form, shape and openings against changing environmental conditions, so that while reducing energy consumption, it can also be a good choice for facades from an aesthetic point of view. One of the important issues that needs attention in the design of kinetic facade is their geometry, which on the one hand should be able to open and close, and on the other hand, have aesthetic values (Mohaghegh et al., 2021). Although understanding the geometric feature of the work and its creative application can help to revive the authentic Iranian identity in architectural works, but the transition from the traditional system to the modern system is highly dependent on the spread of technologies (Attia et al, 2018). In the meantime, considering that the development of appropriate policies for the dissemination of technologies is dependent on the correct knowledge of the factors affecting them, and without considering the obstacles and problems of its development, it is practically impossible to conduct in-depth studies to investigate the problems and provide suitable solutions to overcome them. , it becomes necessary.MethodologyThe current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation research in terms of working methods. Its statistical population consists of citizens of Tabriz. The statistical sample size was determined based on Cochran's sampling formula with an error level of 0.05 in the number of 384 people by simple random method. Data collection has been done in library and field with questionnaire tool. The research questionnaire with 26 questions is derived from the Davis questionnaire, in which questions 1 to 4 are related to individual characteristics, and questions 5 to 23 are specific questions of the TAM model, and questions 24 to 26 are also related to the advertising variable. All specific questions were prepared based on a five-point Likert scale and provided to the statistical community. The study sample in this research is the suburban area of Khavaran settlement in Tabriz, which is known as the most modern residential settlement in Iran. The construction pattern of this settlement is different from the overall texture of Tabriz city and the residential units are built in the form of villas in areas above 320 meters.Results and discussionIn order to find answers to the research questions and to ensure the correct measurement of hidden variables and to determine the existence of meaningful relationships between variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. Surveys show that due to the lack of knowledge of citizens living in Khavaran town about the technology of moving facades, there is not a very positive attitude towards this type of facades among the statistical population. This lack of sufficient knowledge and awareness of technology can be caused by weak advertising and lack of proper information. Therefore, in response to the first research question, it can be stated that the level of acceptance of facade technology and the willingness of citizens to use them is at a low level. Regarding the relationship between the variables, the findings show that the positive attitude of the citizens towards the modernization of facades has a close relationship with their perception of the features and benefits of the facades in question in the building. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between people's awareness and their understanding of the ease and usefulness of technology and the level of technology acceptance.ConclusionIn the current research, after presenting the problem and the main concern of the research while emphasizing the integration of technology and Islamic geometry in moving facades, the factors affecting the tendency of citizens to modernize the facades in Khavaran settlement of Tabriz have been examined. In order to advance their goals, the authors of this research defined an optimal model to investigate the effective factors in technology acceptance by adding the "advertisement" variable to Davis's "technology acceptance" model.In the surveys conducted regarding the use of moving facades with Islamic geometry and motifs, the amount of favorable opinions increased greatly, and this shows that the desire of the residents of Khavaran town to modernize the facades while preserving the Islamic identity is more than the use of traditional or modern facades. Therefore, it is considered that modeling Islamic motifs and geometry in the design of kinetic facades can create a balance between technology and tradition in urban facades, especially in peri-urban areas, while modernizing facades and helping to improve visual quality. Finally, according to the results of the present research, it is suggested that contemporary architects and designers, while being aware of the way of designing Islamic geometric motifs, should try to use them in modern kinetic facades, in order to take an important step in preserving the Islamic identity while contemporizing the facades. The planning and implementation of these projects can be done from new towns and peri-urban areas that are being built at a faster pace today. Also, in the field of academic studies and research, it is suggested that in future researches, patterns inspired by geometry and Islamic motifs should be designed and examined in terms of aesthetics as well as the function of energy light.
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