شناسایی و تحلیل محورهای غالب در تحقیقات مرتبط با اخلاق در برنامه ریزی شهری: مرور نظام مند پیشینه با روش تحلیل مضمون (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئله: اخلاق با مسئله انتخاب و قضاوت عملی در ارتباط است. ازآنجاکه ماهیت برنامه ریزی شهری به پیگیری منافع اجتماع با تعیین اقدامات مناسب برای آینده طی انتخاب های متوالی در زمینه های پیچیده و شرایط نامعلوم مربوط می شود، می توان گفت ملاحظات اخلاقی بخشی جدایی ناپذیر از آن بوده و ادغام فلسفه اخلاق با اندیشه ها و تلاش های حرفه ای برنامه ریزی اجتناب ناپذیر است. اخلاق از دهه ی 1970جایگاهی ثابت در میان پژوهش های برنامه ریزی پیدا کرد و موجی از آثار در این رابطه منتشر گردید. اما چالش های مطرح شده در دوران معاصر و کاهش توجه به این موضوع، بازبینی و بازاندیشی درباره محتوای اخلاقی در برنامه ریزی را ضروری کرده است. هدف: هدف از این پژوهش ارائه ی دیدگاهی جامع و کلی از موضوع اخلاق در برنامه ریزی با شناسایی و تشریح اولویت های اصلی پژوهشگران در این حوزه است. روش : این پژوهش بر اساس هدف، بنیادی و ماهیتاً کیفی بوده و با اتخاذ رویکرد توصیفی- تبیینی و به کارگیری رویکردی ترکیبی شامل مرور نظام مند و تحلیل مضمون، 110 تحقیق منتخب را مورد بازبینی، دسته بندی و سنتز دقیق قرار داده است. یافته ها: این مقاله علاوه بر شناسایی سه مضمون فراگیر شامل ادغام نظریه های اخلاقی با نظریه ی برنامه ریزی، اخلاق در عرصه ی عمل حرفه ای و اخلاق در عرصه ی دانشگاهی، مضامین پایه و سازمان دهنده را نیز تشریح و با بررسی نتایج تحقیقات در هر لایه، شکاف های موجود و مسیرهای بالقوه را برای پژوهش در آینده معرفی کرده است. نتیجه گیری: با وجود پراکندگی و کاهش تعادل مضامین در لایه های مختلف، طبق بررسی ها برخی از آن ها جایگاه ثابتی در پژوهش ها داشته اند: استخراج دیدگاه های اخلاقی برنامه ریزان، بررسی کدهای حرفه ای و آموزش اخلاق. همچنین جریان پژوهش ها در دو دهه ی اخیر، نشانگر پررنگ شدن زمینه ی برنامه ریزی و اهمیت و تأثیر آن در انتخاب، تفسیر و آموزش مفاهیم و ایده های اخلاقی است. بدین ترتیب اهمیت توجه به فرآیندهای اجتماعی، فضایی و سیاسی در جریان ادغام فلسفه ی اخلاق با برنامه ریزی بیش ازپیش برجسته شده است.Identifying and Analyzing the Main Strands of Research on the subject of Ethics in Urban Planning: A Systematic Review of Literature with Thematic Analysis
Introduction: Ethics is related to choice and practical judgment. Since the nature of urban planning is related to the pursuit of community interests through determining appropriate actions for the future during successive choices in complex settings and uncertain conditions, it can be said that ethical considerations are an inseparable part of it and it is inevitable to integrate the philosophy of ethics with the thoughts and professional efforts of planning. In general, addressing the ethical questions of "do's and don'ts" and examining "the nature and meaning of moral values" in planning is always urgent and necessary but challenges raised in the contemporary era, the emphasis of new theoretical positions on attention to contextual differences and conflicts in perceptions and interpretations of values and ethical principles of planning, and ultimately the dispersion and reduction of attention to the area of planning ethics in the recent decades, the necessity of reviewing and rethinking the content of research published in this area has become more prominent. The current research aims to present a comprehensive view of ethics in planning by identifying dominant themes in the literature, specifying existing research gaps, and of course introducing new paths to complete the various dimensions of planning ethics. With answering to the questions like: what are the main priorities of researchers regarding ethics in urban planning? Which subjects and issues have been neglected in the existing researches and what perspectives can be suggested for future researches in this area? This research provides a general view of ethics in planning and its changes over time.
Methodology: This research is a systematic investigation of a specific subject to improve or expand knowledge, it is considered basic research that has been conducted with a qualitative approach (thematic analysis).
Table 1. Methodological design in this research
General stages
Descriptions
Outputs
Review strategy
Explaining the qualitative systematic review using thematic analysis
The review plan
Data collection
Identifying key concepts and searching for primary sources
Finding 224 sources as articles, dissertations, book chapters
110 researches enter the analysis stage as a final data set.
Refinement and selection of the most relevant studies
Analyzing and
synthesizing the
dataset
Descriptive analysis of research
Temporal and geographical distribution and researches focus area
Content analysis in five steps: Reading the full text of documents in the dataset; Selecting textual codes; Extracting basic themes; Synthesizing the basic themes and creating organizing themes; Grouping the organizing themes and generating the global themes.
identifying three global themes: integration of ethical theories with planning theory, ethics in the realm of professional practice, and ethical considerations in the Academic realm.
introducing potential paths for future research.
Results: By analyzing the final data set, we have identified three global themes: integration of ethical theories with planning theory, ethics in the realm of professional practice, and ethical considerations in the academic realm.
Research under the First global theme, integrating ethical theories with planning theory is qualitative and discusses the nature and role of planning based on ethical philosophy. With an extroverted approach, these works focus on normative ethical theories and seek to explain the most basic criteria of rightness and wrongness and do and don'ts in planning. Second global them, ethics in the realm of professional practice is focused on the ethical dimensions and aspects of the planning practice including Ethical attitudes of planners, the complexities of decision-making and ethical judgment in the planning process, ethics in planning techniques, and the direct application of ethical theories in practice. Research under the third global theme, ethics, and ethical considerations in the academic realm of planning is focused on teaching ethics in planning and ethics in planning research.
Discussion: According to the investigations of the present research, the research focused on ethics in planning has been scattered and separated over time and their balance has decreased in different layers (Figure 5). In the 1990s, most of the themes receivedthe attention of researchers, but since the beginning of the 21st century, we have seen a decline in direct attention to this research field at various levels. Of course, a series of themes such as extracting the values of planners, investigating the nature and content of professional codes, and teaching ethics in planning have always been welcomed by researchers. The continuation of attention to these themes shows things like learning from action, determining ethical frameworks through a bottom-up process, and extracting the inner values of planning have always been emphasized by researchers. . Also, the flow of research in the last two decades shows that the context of planning and the importance and impact of contextual differences in the selection, interpretation, and teaching of ethical concepts and ideas have become more prominent.
Conclusion: A general review of the planning ethics literature shows that the concerns related to the ethics and values of planning are largely dominated by normative concerns. The researchers of this field, instead of exploring more deeply the "nature and meaning of ethical values and principles" (meta-ethical field) and how to identify the appropriate solution in each specific situation, focus on the normative Deontological frameworks derived from Western contexts, which put forth universal normative principles and procedures without considering the impact of context and culture on knowledge and behavior.
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