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چکیده

از جمله حوادث مهم تاریخ قرآن کریم، واقعه توحید مصاحف است. این رویداد محصول اختلاف مسلمانان در قرائت قرآن و راه کار ارائه شده برای حل آن می باشد. هرچند تاکنون پژوهش های مختلفی درباره این واقعه و چگونگی اجرای آن انجام شده اما زمینه این اتفاق یعنی اختلاف مسلمانان مورد غفلت قرارگرفته است و درباره آن شاهد پژوهشی نیستیم. این مقاله درصدد است با نگاهی تاریخی و با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی روایات حاکی از اختلاف مسلمانان در قرائت قرآن که منجر به توحید مصاحف شد، بپردازد؛ تا ضمن اشاره به پیشینه تاریخی این رخداد، نشان دهد که این اختلاف از چه کمیت و کیفیتی برخوردار بوده و در چه زمان و مکانی بروز و ظهور داشته است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد: اولاً بسیاری از تحلیل های ارائه شده درباره توحید مصاحف، مورد تأیید نمی باشند؛ ثانیاً شاهد غلو و بزرگ نمایی در نقل این حادثه تاریخی هستیم؛ ثالثاً اوج اختلاف های گزارش شده در سال های23 تا 25ق هم از جهت کمیّت و هم از جهت کیفیت محدود بوده اند؛ رابعاً گاه اصلاً اختلاف نه به خاطر قرائت های متفاوت بلکه تنها به خاطر انتساب قرآن به برخی از صحابه و از ترس وقوع اختلافی همچون اختلاف اهل کتاب در میان مسلمانان بوده؛ خامساً علت اصلی اختلاف، تفاوت مصحف ابن مسعود با دیگران بوده که منجر به رویارویی شدید اقلیتی محدود با اکثریت جامعه اسلامی شده است.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the differences between Muslims in reading the Qur'an before uniting the Mushafs

One of the most important events in the history of the Holy Quran is the unification of the Qur'anic Mushafs. This event is the product of Muslims' differences in reading the Qur'an and the solution offered to solve it. Although some research has been written on this subject and how to do it, but the background of this incident, the difference between Muslims, has been neglected and we do not see any research on it. This article researches the hadiths about the differences between Muslims in reading the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical method in order to first get acquainted with the historical background of this event, and secondly when and where did These differences happen, and Third What is the quality and quantity of these differences. By clarifying the quantity and quality of these differences and determining their examples and scope, it is clear whether this unification was necessary or not in relation to the Qur'an, and if it was necessary, it was done successfully or not. According to this research, First, many of the analyzes presented about unification of the Qur'anic Mushafs, although they are reasonable hypotheses, but the narrations we consider in this article do not confirm them; Secondly, in narrating the story of the difference between Muslims before the unification of the Mushafs, we witness the phenomenon of exaggeration; Thirdly, the peak of the differences was in the years 23 to 25 AH and these differences were limited both in terms of quantity and quality; Fourth, sometimes the difference was not due to different recitations, but some of the Companions, after seeing the attribution of the Qur'an to some people, were afraid of a difference like the difference between Jews and Christians among Muslims. fifth, the main reason for the differences between Muslims in the certain period of time was the differences between the Mus'haf of Ibn Mas'ud and others, which led to a severe confrontation between a limited minority and the majority of the Islamic community.

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