تحلیل گفتمان روحانیت شیعه در مواجهه با بحران کرونا (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
فراگیری بیماری کرونا بحران بزرگ جهانی است که کلیه نقاط جهان را درگیر خود کرده است. در کشور جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز درخصوص این بیماری چالش هایی درباره برخورد نهاد دین با این مسئله به وجود آمده است. در مقاله حاضر، ضمن به کارگیری روش تحلیل گفتمان تلاش شد نظر مراجع دینی شیعی در این رابطه بررسی شود و گفتمان آنان در چارچوب نظریه مدیریت هماهنگ، معنا و نظریه گفتمان تحلیل شود. مراجع دینی مطالعه شده عبارت اند از: آیت الله حسینی سیستانی، آیت الله مکارم شیرازی، آیت الله جوادی آملی، آیت الله وحید خراسانی، آیت الله نوری همدانی، آیت الله شبیری زنجانی و آیت الله فیاض. تحلیل گفتمان های مزبور بیان کننده چهار دال فراگفتمانی فراگیر در گفتمان علمای مطالعه شده است که نشان دهنده نگاه کلان علمای مزبور به حل بحران کرونا است که عبارت اند از: 1- عمل به توصیه های بهداشتی؛ 2- دعا و توسل کردن؛ 3- گسترش فقه پویا و 4- حل مشکلات اجتماعی.Analyzing the Discourse of the Shiite Clergy in the Face of the Corona Crisis
Extended abstract Religion has a prominent place and role in Iran. During the pandemic of Corona, the institution of religion has been considered and some issues related to the encounter of this institution and the spread of Corona disease in cyberspace, such as closing or not closing religious places and holding or not holding religious rituals, have been challenged and taken into account. Regarding the institution of religion associated with the problem of the spread of Corona disease, the discovery of the relationship between the two issues of "health and science" and "religion" from the perspective of Shiite religious scholars and authorities is important. The "interdisciplinary nature" of this article was considered based on two aspects: 1) The issue of Corona was a comprehensive issue that could be studied using an interdisciplinary approach and regarded from a communication and cultural perspective as it fell in the health category and 2) The theoretical framework of this research was based on the theory of "Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM)", which was one of the theories in the field of intercultural communication that was related to the interdisciplinary field. This article sought to discover the discourse of the religious scholars studying the Shiite world related to the Iranian society with regard to the issue of Corona. These Shiite religious scholars and authorities, who were studied in this research, were as follows: Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Hosseini Sistani, Ayatollah Nasser Makarem Shirazi, Ayatollah Abdullah Javadi Amoli, Ayatollah Hussein Vahid Khorasani, Ayatollah Hossein, Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani, Ayatollah Musa Shobiri Zanjani, and Ayatollah Mohammad Ishaq Fayyaz. In the meantime, a comparative view of the religious scholars’ positions was pursued and it was tried to discover the significance of their positions. This research was based on a qualitative method. The data collection was based on citing the Internet sites. A Practical Discourse Analysis Method (PDAM) was utilized for analyzing the data and discovering the discourse and extra discourse signs. The analysis unit included parts of the lectures related to and writings on the subject of this research, which were based on theoretical saturation and were available on the Internet. The reviews were done for the period of 2020/02/19-2020/08/20. The discourse and meta-discourse of the Shiite religious scholars and authorities on the issue of Corona were discovered separately and in detail through PDAM. A summary of the analyzed discourses was considered in the two levels of Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) and the discourse related to it. Although all the three interpretive, critical, and applied approaches were regarded by these discourses, the interpretive and applied approaches were mostly emphasized. These were the two approaches that Shiite religious scholars and authorities had taken into account for resolving the Corona crisis. it was based on an interpretation through application of dynamic jurisprudence for interpretation of social situations and making appropriate decisions that were even contrary to the religious obligations. In this context, they interpreted and explained the relationship between prayer and healing. They did not consider health as the final solution to problems and considered prayer and recourse as complementary solutions and linked treatment and health with prayer and recourse. The following table summarizes the mentioned interpretive and applied approaches: A detailed summary of meta-discourse signs relevant to the discourses studied by Shiite scholars Metaphorical Signs Religious scholars Applied approach Interpretive approach Following health recommendations Solving social problems Expansion of dynamic jurisprudence Praying and appealing Obedience to officials Social problems Dynamic jurisprudence Spirituality and prayer Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Hosseini Sistani Sanitation and Health Public mobilization, social problems, awakening of humanity Dynamic jurisprudence Prayer, spirituality, spirituality Ayatollah Nasser Makarem Shirazi Health and safety Attention to humanity Futurism and civilization God and prayer Ayatollah Abdullah Javadi Amoli Health professionals Elders of religion and attention to issues - Divine test, divine wisdom, and pray Ayatollah Hussein Vahid Khorasani Experts Prayer, recourse, repentance - - Ayatollah Hossein Nouri Hamedani Health Social problems and loss of life Dynamic jurisprudence and the closure of rituals Prayer and recourse Ayatollah Musa Shabbiri Zanjani Adherence to and coordination with domestic and global health - Dynamic jurisprudence and necessity - Ayatollah Mohammad Ishaq Fayyaz After discovering the discourse of the Shiite religious scholars and authorities on the issue of Corona, which was done independently and by summarizing their meta-discourse signs that expressed the macro views of these scholars to solve the Corona crisis, 4 comprehensive discourses were discovered as follows: 1) Taking health advice; 2) Praying and appealing; 3) Expanding dynamic jurisprudence; and 4) Solving social problems Metaphorical Signs of Discourses Studied by Scholars The innovation of this research was paying attention to the role of religion in the issue of Corona disease and religious leaders’ views about it. By discovering the discourse and meta-discourse of Shiite religious scholars and authorities, it was possible to take a more accurate and realistic look at their positions in relation to the issue of Corona and clarify the relationship between the institution of religion and such issues as the Corona crisis.
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