Demographic Variables

Abstract Objective: Health literacy is the capacity to get, process and realize basic information and services necessary to make proper decisions in the field of health. This study was conducted aimed at determining the relationship between health literacy and demographic variables of Yazd city citizens. Method: This study was a descriptive (cross-sectional) one the population included 385 people living in Yazd city. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. After completing the questionnaires, the data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software, Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square test. Results: the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between health literacy and age, gender and marital status. The highest correlation coefficient was observed in the relationship between health literacy and age. Conclusion: Due to the effective demographic variables, it seems that demographic characteristics-based interventions should be designed and implemented in order to improve the health literacy of citizens.

Happiness is the main goal and the pursuit of happiness is inherent in human nature. The main aim of this study has been to estimate the effects of demographic variables, such as Fertility rate, Marriage rate, and Divorce rate on Happiness. The GDP per capita, Inflation and Unemployment are used as the control variables. In order to estimate the effects, we have used panel data including 21 selected countries with different characteristics (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, United States, Romania, and Iran), for the period 2008 to 2017 are used. Concerning the F-Limer (Chow) and the Husman tests, the fixed panel Approach is used. The estimations results using panel methods with fixed effects indicates that the effects of fertility rate and GDP per capita on happiness are positive, but the effects of divorce rate and unemployment on happiness are significant and negative. The effect of inflation is positive and the effect of marriage rate is negative, but neither is significant.