blind

Purpose: The main goal of the philosophy education program is to create intellectual challenges for students, which plays an important role in the ability of cognitive skills. Methodology: The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of teaching philosophy in the form of a curriculum on the working memory of elementary school students in Mashhad in the academic year 1391-1396. Twenty-eight female and female students were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two groups: control and Experiments were conducted. Then all the participants responded to the Wechsler memory test. The research method was experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. Then, the classroom method was used in a circle method with the help of the stories of Sharp Lepman and Robert Fisher. Seven training sessions were conducted for the experimental group and the control group was performed on the waiting list They were. After completing the training sessions again, "all participants responded to the Wechsler memory test. To test the hypotheses, the covariance analysis method was used. Findings: The results showed a significant difference in the working memory of the experimental group. Therefore, it seems that training with Slow-hole technique can have a positive effect on the blindness of blind children. Conclusion: The workload of the motor-driven motor is in many complex cognitive activities requiring hard-coded controlled processing. Encourages the use of high-level cognitive skills in students, and this can be done Depending on the workload, it is related to work memory.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare self-acceptance, self-compassion and fear of negative evaluation by others in blind, visually impaired and normal people. Method: The method of this causal-comparative research and its statistical population included all blind, partially sighted and sighted people in Ardabil city in 2022. 60 people (30 blind, 30 visually impaired) were selected as the study group using the available sampling method and 30 people (sighted people) were selected as the comparison group through comparison and formed the research sample. They gave. To collect information, Lori's (1983) fear of negative evaluation, Neff's (2003) self-compassion, and Chamberlain and Haga's (2001) unconditional self-acceptance questionnaires were used. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between self-acceptance, self-compassion and fear of negative evaluation by others among three groups of blind, partially sighted and normal people. In this way, self-acceptance and self-compassion are lower in blind people than in visually impaired people and lower in visually impaired people than in normal people. Also, in the scale of fear of negative evaluation by others, blind people, visually impaired people and normal people obtained more scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Accurate recognition and full attention to individual differences by professionals who provide psychological services to people with visual impairments can lead to the design and detailed educational plans for this group.