Individuality

In the novel Cold Suran , a causal link between events is established by time. The disruption of the conventional sequence of time gives the novel a beginning from the end. Every incident in the novel is like a circle starting at one point, and returning to the same starting point after the story is narrated. Frequent travels in the memories of Sohrab (one of the main characters) have created a non-linear time in the novel. This study aims to analyze the novel Cold Suran based on the "temporality structure" view. This research was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method. After analyzing the novel based on the "temporality structure" approach and using various resources, it was concluded that Cold Suran corresponds to the "temporality structure" showing how Afhami uses nonlinear time. Sohrab's mindset and his confusion show his character. Afhami also gives individuality to characters embodying important elements such as family name, special time, material environment, the narrator's ego, and language.  

This study attempts to examine Tom Wolfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test in the light of the ideas of Michel Foucault, specifically the notions of normalization, institutions, and surveillance that tackle the relationships among power, institutions, and literature. The analysis posits that, in the context of the 1960s, the American government took advantage of all the institutions which were supposed to guarantee the freedom of individuals to curtail their freedom. Seeking to create a normal, ordinary, and homogeneous society, these administrations have employed the police, law, prison, and other overlapping institutions that work in tandem to create circuits of institutions which guarantee to reduce  human beings to simpletons who are docile, meek, and ready to fit in place properly. The normality and ordinariness favored by the authorities are also implemented since the novel starts by depicting free individuals whose identities hinge on their being abnormal while it ends when their movement is shattered, and the protagonist is seen as a simpleton serving the forced labor sentence of the judges of both the government and normality. Freedom emerges as a mirage than truth as there seems to be no outside through which individuals can live outside the domination of controlling apparatuses.