feelings

This action research examines the concept of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in a second language acquisition context. The researcher investigated the contributors of WTC in a foreign language classroom setting. Therefore, a multiple assignments method and sequence was applied. Participants of this study were students who matriculated in a United States (U.S.) undergraduate program, studying German at a public Midwest University. Findings of this study suggest applying various speaking activities and providing the opportunity to practice assessment-like activities prior to the evaluation, which enhanced second language WTC. In addition, the present study found three major factors that contributed to second language WTC: student preparedness, student feelings, and speaking capacity influences. Findings of this study can be implemented into any language classroom. The teaching methods and sequence of activities can be integrated into language curriculum. This study provides insight on a successful language teaching model that prepares students to engage in any oral communication with more confidence and less hesitation.

Purpose: The initiation of anti-bullying movements in school’s dates back to nearly three decades ago in some countries. Despite the importance of such a movement and its grave implications for education systems, no particular program or action has been organized in our country. Materials and Method: The present study presents a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the attitudes of primary school teachers and staff towards bullying. The self-administered questionnaire explored attitude towards bullying in 207 teachers and 73 administrative staff of 25 schools in the city of Bojnourd using stage cluster sampling. Findings: The results of independent t-test demonstrated that the attitude toward bullying was not significantly different in male and female subjects with respect to the variables of years of service and administrative position, though women tended to hold a stronger attitude compared to men in this respect (t=2.04 and p˂0.04). The results showed that school staff and teachers, whether those with less than five years of service or those who had hold their job for more than twenty years were not sufficiently aware of the sensitivity of the case of bullying and the skills required to handle this issue. Discussion: Therefore, it seems that organizing workshops and training courses on the issue of bullying for target groups are necessary and inevitable.

Purpose: The initiation of anti-bullying movements in school’s dates back to nearly three decades ago in some countries. Despite the importance of such a movement and its grave implications for education systems, no particular program or action has been organized in our country. Materials and Method: The present study presents a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the attitudes of primary school teachers and staff towards bullying. The self-administered questionnaire explored attitude towards bullying in 207 teachers and 73 administrative staff of 25 schools in the city of Bojnourd using stage cluster sampling. Findings: The results of independent t-test demonstrated that the attitude toward bullying was not significantly different in male and female subjects with respect to the variables of years of service and administrative position, though women tended to hold a stronger attitude compared to men in this respect (t=2.04 and p˂0.04). The results showed that school staff and teachers, whether those with less than five years of service or those who had hold their job for more than twenty years were not sufficiently aware of the sensitivity of the case of bullying and the skills required to handle this issue. Discussion: Therefore, it seems that organizing workshops and training courses on the issue of bullying for target groups are necessary and inevitable.

As noted by Shohamy (1982), affective considerations in language testing have occupied an outstanding place in education. Despite the importance of this issue, it appears that the test-takers' perceptions regarding motivation, self-efficacy beliefs and feelings in addition to their possible relationships have not been investigated in much detail. To narrow the gap, the primary aims of this paper were to explore Iranian non-English PhD students’ perceptions about motivation, self-efficacy beliefs and feelings. This paper also sought to investigate the association between motivation and self-efficacy beliefs, motivation and feelings, as well as self-efficacy beliefs and feelings. To collect the data, an attitudinal researcher-made questionnaire constructed and validated (in Persian) with 15 items from 1-5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). To ensure reliability, pilot study was conducted on 60 participants; subsequently, the questionnaire was distributed among 252 participants throughout Iran by online administration. The results of descriptive statistics using SPSS displayed that participants were intrinsically motivated to be prepared for this English Proficiency Test (EPT). Furthermore, they showed the low level of self-efficacy beliefs towards their achievement in the test with high level of amotivation. Lastly, spearman results confirmed that all of these psychological factors were significantly correlated.

Social media act as a dominant digital channel of communication, and in recent years, the use of social media in the tourism industry has also become very common. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social networks on oral advertisements of tourists regarding the role of feelings. This research is based on descriptive-survey method. The required information in this study is gathered through a questionnaire and a library and the statistical population of the tourists' research is in the Tajan River of Sari. The sample size is 383 subjects determined using Cochran's formula and Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.89. The results of the research show that the social networks are effective on the feelings of the tourists. Therefore, in general, recognizing the feelings of the tourists to the destination should be done according to their desire to carry out advertisements and provide services. In addition, it was found that oral advertisements have a significant effect on the feelings and increasing the resurgence of the tourists to the region. According to the findings of the research, the tourists still trust oral advertisements carried out in the city more than the advertisements provided from the social networks