مطالب

After the holy Qur'an, hadith is the most important source of knowing the intentions of the verses of the Qur'an, and therefore the recognition of authentic hadiths is very important. From the beginning of Islam, the phenomenon of fabricating hadith by dissidents and hypocrites has a long history and has been used as a weapon. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) and consequently the scholars and scientists of the Islamic religion, by using certain methods, have provided the ground for Muslims to identify the Sanad of the narrations and have thwarted this great conspiracy with special instructions. They used instructions such as the spread of the science of rijāl in order to identify truthful and reliable narrators and reject weak narrators. And in the field of protecting the text of hadiths, they used methods such as presenting hadiths to imams and scholars, comparing manuscripts, allowing the narration of hadiths, listing methods, etc. Therefore, one of the important issues of Islamic sciences in the field of Qur'anic interpretation is the issue of narrative interpretations issued by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) or the Imams (AS).And these interpretations have a lot of confusion and some of them are fake narrations or Isra’iliyyat, and some others are for adaptation rather than interpretation of the verse. Therefore, according to these inconsistencies that exist in the narrative interpretations, the following narrations should be carefully studied based on the guidance of the Infallibles (AS) and their true followers. So by studying the narrative interpretation, we can find some strategies including assimilation, separation and classification of narrations in narrative interpretations. This article is an attempt in this direction that deals with this issue through a descriptive-analytical method.  

This study aimed to investigate the effect of brand personality on the loyalty of Mazandaran Nassaji Football Club fans. This study was an applied descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study includes all fans of Mazandaran Nassaji Football Club in 2021, whose number was unlimited; therefore, 384 people were selected as a sample using the available Krejcie and Morgan table by available sampling method. Data collection tools in the present study are two standard questionnaires: the Siutsu personality questionnaire of sports teams (2012) and the Mahoni et al. loyalty questionnaire of sports team fans (2000). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data by SPSS and Amos software. The results indicate that the brand personality and its dimensions (competition, prestige, ethics, originality, and credibility) affect the loyalty of Mazandaran Nassaji Football Club fans. It is suggested to the managers and officials of sports clubs to use the results of this research in the sports club in order to increase income and the need for self-sufficiency and attract new fans and fan loyalty.

This paper aims to show the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on Iran’s economy. It uses nonlinear time series models to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on resource allocation in Iran’s economy. The results show that adverse oil shocks have been more persistent during the last decades and severely negatively affect resource allocation in Iran’s economy. Different oil shocks have different implications for importing and exporting countries, and the rigidity of state fiscal systems in exporting countries causes adverse oil shocks to be more persistent. The oil economy’s response to positive and negative oil shocks depends on the structure of the economy. The government budget and trade balance have significant implications for the effects of oil shocks on oil-exporting economies. The government budget is highly dependent on oil revenues, so in the case of adverse oil shocks, the pass-through exchange rate will cause high inflation because of foreign exchange shortage and overshoot in the exchange rate.