مطالب

Purpose: This study endeavored to find out the possible relationship between reflectivity and impulsivity as cognitive learning styles and vocabulary/ grammar development as sub-skills among EFL learners.  Methodology: Two intact classes of the third-grade students were selected by the researchers and Oxford Placement Test was run for homogenizing them. After that, Barrat’s (2005) Impulsive/ Reflective questionnaire was given to the participants and they had to respond the translated items in a limited time. Regarding the score scale provided by the questionnaire, the participants were labeled as reflective and impulsive ones. Next, a standard grammar/vocabulary test, extracted from their book, administered to them and the scores were recorded by the researchers. Then, the scores of the questionnaires and tests sent to SPSS software for analyzing and interpreting the data. In inferential statistics, the researchers used correlation test to examine the possible relationship between the students' learning styles and their sub-skills development.  Findings: Results of the study indicated a positive relationship between the students' sub-skills achievements (vocabulary/ grammar) and their learning styles (reflectivity/ impulsivity). In other words, reflectivity and impulsivity had effect on the students' performance in sub-skills, as the reflective students presented better performance and made fewer errors than the impulsive ones in vocabulary and grammar tests.  Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the higher the reflectivity of the learners is, the more successful they tend to be in such tests. It is expected that the findings of the research indicate the importance of learning styles in educational environment.

Purpose: Thesis writing always has been associated with many challenges in different fields and areas and based on this, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a pattern of managing the challenges of thesis writing in the educational-research field. Methodology: The current research in terms of implementation method was qualitative and in terms of purpose was applied. The research population was students and graduates of the PhD period of humanities fields at the Islamic Azad University in 2020-21 academic years, which from them number of 12 people were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and with the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews whose validity by 15 professors was obtained by the relative content validity coefficient method 0.84 and its reliability by the Holsti coefficient method was obtained 0.83. Finally, the data were analyzed by methods of open, axial and selective coding and thematic analysis in MAXQDA-18 software. Findings: The findings showed that managing the challenges of thesis writing in the educational-research field had 74 indicators, 13 components and 4 dimensions. The educational gap dimension has includes three components of computer and software training gap, the lack of familiarity with new research methods and the gap in the practical thesis writing course, choosing the subject dimension has includes three components of lack of paying attention to interdisciplinary subjects, lack of suitable guide for choosing subject and not lack of paying attention to students' interests, cooperation of professors dimension has includes five components of back-promising, restrictions on the selection of supervisors, scientific disability of supervisors, lack of access to professors and lack of commitment and responsibility and educational content dimension has includes two components of lack of access to first-hand sources and lack of easy access to content. Finally, pattern of managing the challenges of thesis writing in the educational-research field was drawn using the theme network method. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, planning it seems necessary to managing the challenges of thesis based on the identified dimensions, components and indicators.

The main purpose of this study is to identify and rank the criteria for evaluating the performance of Azad University faculty members using the Analysis Network Process method. The research method is mixed. The sample size of the qualitative section was 15 managers of departments who were purposefully selected by theoretical sampling strategy. Data collection was a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the analyzed interviews were coded using the Grounded theory. Its validity and reliability were checked and confirmed using the results of three-way consensus. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. In open coding, concepts and cues were extracted from the interviews. In the selective coding stage, three categories (training, research, consulting services) were compressed and considered as the main dimensions of performance evaluation, and then four sub-components were conceptualized for each dimension. A total of twelve categories were conceptualized and then the dimensions and components were ranked using super design software. The sample size was a quantitative section of 30 faculty members who were randomly selected and the tool for collecting quantitative findings was a researcher-made questionnaire. It was an Analysis Network Process. Findings showed: The factors of consulting services, research and education are in order of priority. In education, respectively, components of teaching quality, spiritual competence, psychological competence and managerial competence, in research, respectively, components of communication competence, competence of new technologies, competence of innovation and creativity, entrepreneurship and cognitive competence. Intercultural competence, foreign relations competence, and the most and least important in the group that experts can use the above dimensions and components in evaluating the performance of faculty members.

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مشکلات مدیریت مدرسه در ایران بود. این پژوهش یک توصیف همبستگی از نوع ترکیبات ساختاری بود. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش همگی مدیران موفق مدارس کشور بودند. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، 500 نفر از مدیران به عنوان نمونه نهایی دعوت به همکاری شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از 30 سوالی استفاده شد. ارزشی ارزیابی با بررسی ها خبر و پایایی بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ (86/0) ارزیابی شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل عاملی و معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، 6 موضوع با عنوان مشکل سازمانی (10 مؤلفه)، مشکل اداری (6 مؤلفه)، مشکل محیطی - انگیزشی (5 مؤلفه) ایجاد شد. مشکل مالی (5 مؤلفه)، مشکل ساختاری (2 مؤلفه) و مشکل فردی (2 مؤلفه) از مشکلات اصلی مدیریتی مدارس هستند. همچنین روابط روابط این مشکلات تبیین و برازش است که بر اساس یافته ها، انتظار می رود که مدیران مدارس را برای توسعه دهنده های توسعه دهنده ایفای نقش آسیب رسانی کنند.

این پژوهش با هدف پیش بینی عملکرد شغلی بر اساس سبک های تصمیم گیری و سبک های مقابله ای در معلمان مقطع ابتدایی شهرستان بوکان انجام شد. طرح پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه معلمان مقطع ابتدایی شهرستان بوکان در سال تحصیلی 98-1397 (840) تشکیل می دادند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان استفاده شد و 265 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند که به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده ها بر اساس سه پرسشنامه پترسون (1989)، عملکرد شغلی، سبک های تصمیم گیری عمومی اسکات و بروس (1995) و سبک های مقابله ای راجر و همکاران جمع آوری شد. (1993) با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 0.89، برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ها به ترتیب از آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی (ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره) و نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که بین عملکرد شغلی با سبک های تصمیم گیری منطقی و شهودی، بین عملکرد شغلی با سبک های اجتنابی و آنی و بین سبک تصمیم گیری وابسته و عملکرد شغلی رابطه منفی و معنادار وجود دارد. بین عملکرد شغلی و سبک های مقابله ای عقلانی، عاطفی و اجتنابی به ترتیب رابطه مثبت و معنی دار، منفی و معنادار و بدون رابطه وجود داشت. همچنین یافته ها نشان داد که منطقی، شهودی، اجتنابی،

According to historical and geographical sources, Totanjeh has been one of the important cities of Tabaristan in the early Islamic centuries. This city had a military function in the Abbasid period. In historical sources, Toranjeh has been recognized as Borji, Toranji, Torji, Tariji, Toranjir, and Tazhir which is located in the lowland zone between Mamatir (Babol) in South, Mileh (Southeast of Amol) in West and Sari in the East. The noteworthy political and military aspects have focused on the localization of Toranjeh city in early and medieval Islamic periods by historical sources and archaeological findings. On the base of documentary evidence, it can be given that the cultural sequence of the city of Toranjeh is divided into three phases. The formation of the Espahbodan Tabarestan reign, the development phase, and finally the collapse of the Samanid rule in the Mazandaran Marashyan period. The authors in the framework of a program of archaeological research surveyed Abolhasan kola-i- Babol located in the province of Mazandaran. The findings and review of archaeological and historical evidence suggest that the studied area (the village of Abolhasan kola-i- Babol) is the probable location of the city of Toranjeh.

The rock paintings of Iran are extremely significant and after five decades of research on them, nearly twenty different regions have been identified in different parts of the Iranian plateau. Each of these regions has its own unique local style. One of the most important areas is the “Eshkaft-e-Ahou” site, which has been identified for nearly two decades, but unfortunately, no research has been conducted on it. This research, using field and library methods, describes and compares the motifs of this site, and at the end, after investigating the climatic texture of the region, the authors have tried to reconstruct the life style of the creators of the paintings. This area is located in a very impassable region and in the highest area of the Gav-Bast Mountains. In order to reach the site, one must ascent a long distance with a steep slope of the mountain. Due to the characteristics of the motifs of this place and the potential for shelter, it is possible to determine that a small population of hunters have used this place. This rocky shelter is considered a very inappropriate place in contrast to today’s concepts of settlement definitions.

Gender archaeology, the study of gender differences between men and women throughout history, is a significant subject that has evolved into a proper, prominent science in recent decades. Proto-Elamite is among the periods that give us great information regarding the status of genders. The abundance of tablets found from this period is among the oldest middle-eastern written scripts. Many of these are about paying wages to male and female laborers for manufacturing and stockbreeding jobs. Studying these texts provides essential information regarding the status of Iranian Plateau’s women at the end of the fourth millennium B.C. M388 sign is one of the most significant gender signs known. It probably symbolizes a man or a particular social class in proto-Elamite texts. It’s also been used before signs that might show names written using a phonetical structure. M124 is the opposite sign. It was probably considered a female gender sign. It has been used in some tablets or at the beginning of a series of phonetic signs (names). This research attempts to reconstruct two different signs at the beginning of the name sign-series. These signs probably assign gender to the names. Authors read 1500 tablets in Susa. Two hundred ninety-five of these tablets begin with M124 or M388 signs. There are more than 100 phonetic signs. The chances of 295 names being similar are slim. This strengthens our gender-specification hypotheses that M124 and M388 are gender symbols in the name sign-series.

Objective:    The aim of this study was to compare the life satisfaction and hoping in mothers of children with special learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and normal. Methods:  The present research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of was mothers of fifth and sixth-grade children in the north of Tehran, whose children, according to expert diagnosis, had a special learning disability and autism spectrum disorder, and mothers were selected from a normal group too. Finally, the sample of 90 people (30 people in each group) was selected by non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method. The tools used were Snyder's Hoping Scale and Huebner's Life Satisfaction Multidimensional Scale. Results: The results showed that the mean score of hoping in mothers with autistic children was lower than that of mothers with disability and normal children (p<0.01), and the mean life satisfaction score of mothers with normal children was higher than that of mothers with autism children (p<0.01). Also, the mean score of hoping and life satisfaction of mothers with specific learning disability children was more than mothers with autism children (p<0.01). Conclusion: The relatively low level of hoping and life satisfaction in mothers of children with autism spectrum need more attention and arrangements which is very important for their psycho-social empowerment

Objective: Violence against spouse is an important and serious social damage that exists between couples and nowadays it is still observed despite cultural advances and changes in thinking style. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting violence against spouse based on childhood maltreatment experiences of divorce seekers in Isfahan. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. In addition, the statistical population of the study included all divorce seekers who were referred to the counseling centers under the contract with Isfahan court of law. These people had already registered in an online divorce platform named Tasmim from May to July in 2021. 211 people were selected by available sampling method for the study and answered the questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were Strauss et al.'s Conflict Tactics Questionnaire (CTS2) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation findings indicated that all types of maltreatment including physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse had a positive and significant relationship with violence against spouse. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that among different types of maltreatment, emotional neglect and emotional abuse predict violence against spouse in divorce seekers in Isfahan. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that child maltreatment can lead to violence against spouse in the future.