مطالب

This article reports on a study examining the reasons for teachers’ codeswitching from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives. To tap into participants’ cognitions regarding this issue, data were collected from 83 EFL teachers and 160 students of English through a questionnaire developed based on the reasons reported in previous studies. An exploratory factor analysis was run to find the underlying constructs. The results eventually unveiled five factors including pedagogical delivery, limitation in resources, learner variables, establishing rapport, and compensating for low proficiency. A set of independent samples t-tests were run so as to compare teachers’ and students’ views and the results revealed statistically significant differences in all the five identified factors. Pedagogical delivery seemed to be the most acceptable reason for codeswitching since it had the highest mean score in both groups. At the same time, teachers’ and students’ mean scores regarding establishing rapport showed their very different perceptions about this justification for the teachers’ L1 use. The lowest mean scores for teachers and students were observed to be related to limitation in resources and learner variables, respectively. The findings of the present study draw attention to the teachers’ and students’ different cognitions on L1 use and the urgent need for more comparative studies in order to provide more satisfying and effective learning environments.

(1) Background: The article proposes a methodical procedure for assessing the risk of implementing the diversification strategy of an industrial enterprise based on of management information technologies. The result of which was the improvement of the solution of practical tasks of the diversification strategy with the help of economic and statistical modeling; (2) Methods: the article proposes a methodology for assessing the risk of implementing a diversification strategy, which is based on modeling a portfolio of strategies using economic and statistical indicators: mathematical expectation; dispersions; covariances; (3) Results: As a result of the approbation of the methodical approach, the issue of optimization of complex diversification plans of enterprises in the conditions of the implementation of information technologies was considered. This approach is based on achieving such a structure of diversification of the enterprise, when the expected efficiency will be the maximum possible, and the expected risk will be the lowest. The solution to this problem was realized on the example of product diversification, when the enterprise decides to open the production of several heterogeneous goods; (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that combinations of key success factors distinguish one segment from another, then there are always factors that are part of several or many areas. The obtained calculations showed the possibility of using this methodical approach when assessing the risk of implementing a diversification strategy in the conditions of the introduction of information technologies. The possibility of its use in the context of justifying the choice of a variant of a diversified production portfolio of an enterprise organized on the basis of management information technologies is considered.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been employed in various real-time applications and addressed fundamental issues, such as limited power resources and network life. Several sensor nodes in a WSN monitor the actual world and relay discovered data to base stations. The biggest issue with WSN is that the sensors have a limited lifetime and use much electricity to relay data to the base station. This paper proposes an improved PSO-based Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (EDEEC) algorithm to extend the network's life and reduce power consumption. Clustering is the process of forming groups of sensor nodes. The cluster aims to improve the network's scalability, energy efficiency, and other characteristics. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is modified to obtain energy-efficient WSNs. The assessment is based on the essential WSN characteristics, including network lifetime and energy efficiency (power consumption). Compared to LEACH, HEED, and DEEC, our proposed IPSO-EDEEC uses less energy.

The global demand for food can be eliminated by precision farming. This research work proposes a low-cost IoT-enabled handy device to measure soil water content. Three different sensor probes are designed in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 and fabricated using PCB Technology. The designed sensor probes are calibrated to effectively measure moisture content for three different soil types (silt/sandy/clay). An electronic system has been programmed according to Optimized-Moisture-Value (OMV) algorithm to read and collect the soil moisture information. Three sensor probes, capacitance, and voltage responses are analyzed using linear fitting. It has been observed from the response data that model B's performance is better than the other two presented models in terms of soil moisture. The obtained goodness of fitness value for model B is around 0.999 for all the categories of soils. The electronic system is built around W78E054D and ESP8266 controllers. The W78E054D controller is used to excite the sensor probe with a signal having a frequency of 500 kHz. The IoT-enabled controller ESP8266 reads and collects the soil moisture data according to the OMV algorithm.

Greenwashing is considered as a deliberate and conscious deception of the consumer in relation to the environmental activities of an organization or the environmental benefits of a product, which has adverse consequences for various groups, including consumers, stakeholders and the environment, therefore, the purpose of this article was to analyze the different angles of greenwashing in the real context of the companies active in the dairy industry, as well as to identify and explain this phenomenon. The philosophy of this research is interpretive, its approach is qualitative, and the strategy used is grounded theory based on the emergent approach. The studied community included managers and activists of the dairy industry and related organizations, 15of whom were selected through purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation, and the research data was collected through semi-structured interviews. In order to check the strength of the research, the four criteria of reliability, transferability, reliability and verifiability have been used. The relevant data analysis has been done using MAXQDA software and open, central and selective coding processes, and during continuous comparison, 427codes, 27concepts, 11categories and 2categories have been obtained. which has led to the emergence of the final model of research around the central category under the title of "companies greenwashing actions" model. The mentioned model includes the causes and results related to the central category of the research. In general, this study, by explaining the greenwashing measures theory, has provided the necessary platform for understanding this category of measures as well as their control and prevention.

This article was conducted with the aim of providing a model of acceptance of virtual banking in the banking industry of Iran. The method of conducting the research was based on the pluralism of the ground theory in the data, which according to conducting the research at first using library studies, identifying the constituent elements of participation after in-depth interviews with 20 professional and scientific experts, in order to extract the elements and Thematic analysis method was used to group them. The output of this stage was the identification of 111 indicators in the form of 5 main dimensions and 12 sub-dimensions. Convergent and divergent validity were used to determine the validity, and the results were at the desired level, and the results showed that in order to accept virtual banking in the banking industry of Iran, considering the current situation and the complexities of banking in Iran, a strategic plan regarding virtual banking should be prepared and compiled, which the attention of the authorities And those involved in this field are essential to the capacities of the private sector in banking activities and the expansion of banking facilities. But in order to solve the problems, pay attention to the organizational strategies that include the formulation of a strategic plan for the participation of the private sector and the use of control and evaluation tools to ensure the effectiveness of teamwork and partnership in banking, along with creating a working environment with trust and honesty among customers to improve communication. Personal and interpersonal among the participants can provide a sustainable basis for the adoption of virtual banking.

The idea of Islamic resistance is one of the most important views that has been formed in the foreign policy strategy of some Islamic states, especially in the Middle East region. This thought is determined in contrast to the conservative discourse of compromise and acceptance of the dominant logic of the great powers and some regional actors, especially the Zionist regime. This idea, which has been popular in the region for the past few decades, has received much attention since the 2006 Lebanon War (Tammuz war). In fact, one of the practical achievements of this war was strengthening the discourse of resistance in the region. In fact, before the success of Hezbollah in this war, the prevailing approach of the people of the region was based on this perception that the Zionist regime is invincible. This definite belief had developed and deepened so much that it had become the myth of Israel's invincibility in the region .This situation was considered unquestionable fact because of the high capability of the Zionist regime in the military field. This opinion of weakness against Israel was not only limited to the thoughts of ordinary people, but politicians and other elites in Lebanon also believed in this theory, and therefore, solutions such as mediating international organizations to compromise with   Israel were suggested.   In this circumstances, the resistance was able to put the face-to-face fight against Israel and confronting its excesses as its first and main priority and, accordingly, advance the political and cultural struggles in the next priorities. When we look at the circumstances surrounding this war, we get complicated situations. At that time, after the attack of September 11, U.S. had implemented large-scale tensions and wars in the region. The occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq, the expulsion of the Syrian army from Lebanon, the assassination of Rafic Hariri, the pressure on Syria to expel the Palestinian groups, had caused to a critical and complicated situation in the region. These conditions had been planned to come an end by appearance of The New Middle East in the 33-day war in 2006. In fact, before this war, we saw the threat of an attack, occupation and pressure in the region, and the Tammuz war was supposed to be the result of these events to hit the resistant in the region. But what actually happened was the defeat of the enemy in the battle of Tammuz and its acknowledgment of this defeat. Before this war, the atmosphere of compromise and getting along with the occupiers was dominated among the majority of the people in the Middle East, but Hezbollah's victory in the war with the Israel showed that resistance is the main and successful solution in the battlefield against the occupiers. And this caused the resistance after the victory in Tammuz to a Self-confidence in Lebanon and Palestine and to become stronger today than in the past. On the other hand, the regime has understood this power and today it is difficult for it to talk about another war, without pay attentions to the role of the resistance. In the meantime, perhaps turning resistance into a successful theoretical and practical strategy was the most important achievement of this war. In fact, before the 33-day war, there were two general approaches in dealing with Israel, the first approach was to compromise with the Zionist regime, and the second approach was to confront and resist it. It can be said with certainty that after the victory of the resistance in the 2006 war, the Palestinians became more favorable to the second discourse. Also, the Tammuz war proved to Israel that it can no longer launch a lightning war against the resistance and not allow the resistance to gain its goals on the battlefield. For this reason, the battle of Tammuz destroyed this illusion in the Israel's leaders and failed the U.S. plan in the Middle East. The impact of resistance in the international system is very clear. The axis of resistance in the current order is gaining strength. U.S. left Iraq with extreme weakness, and it's weakness against the axis of resistance is expressed even inside the country. After the 2006 war, the defeats of U.S. and Israel began in the region and this caused the expansion and acceleration of their decline in the world as it observed in recent Ukraine War. Accordingly, a new discourse base on resistance is being formed after the Tammuz war, which must be followed, but it should be aware that U.S. and Israel are waiting and observing the opportunity specially by using their dominance on media and cyber space to overcome the resistance. In this framework, the normalization of relations among Arab and Islamic countries with the Israel is reflecting. On the other hand, creation of economic and social problems in Lebanon is a new way to pressure the resistance and appoint it as responsible for this condition. In fact, U.S. and Israel attempt to pretend that Hezbollah's resistance has been the cause of these problems, however, the result of 2006 war and the effort of U.S. and Israel to retaliate for it is the main cause of this situation. The trick of the enemy in the war of Tammuz is used in a new way today that is convincing Arab and Islamic states to normalize relations with Israel and increasing economic sanctions and creating political isolation for Lebanon, Syria, Venezuela, etc. But today, the resistance especially in the case of the Karish gas field has proved that it is “of the people, by the people, for the people”. In the case of the Karish, Hezbollah by threatening Israel shows that it does not pass the right of Lebanese and it is ready to fight for the Lebanon’s national interests. The latter case shows that despite the continued hostilities with the axis of resistance, the strategy of active resistance and relying on its rational policy based on defensive deterrence - whether in Iran, Iraq, Syria or Lebanon - can pursuit as the most efficient and desirable option against the hegemonic policies of the U.S. and Israel In the Middle East.