مطالب

Despite the similar performance of Bazaar1 in different cities of Iran, there are some the skeletal differences between markets in different climates. The Bazaar roof protects customers against natural events in any climate. The ceiling height and the sitting down of the Bazaar`s floor are determined based on the need for air circulation and movement in various climates. Hence, combination of all the factors would shape the market. Natural ventilation and cooling air are one of the major factors determining the market shape in hot and dry areas. This study aims to analyze the function of natural ventilation concerning direct and indirect effective elements and their impacts on market shape in hot and dry city-Shiraz. For this purpose, Vakil Bazaar is chosen. In this research, a combination of descriptive and case methods are applied analytically, a field which determines the wind and air function based on the dominant wind and other elements affecting the natural ventilation of Shiraz` Vakil Bazaar that in the end achieve factors to providing favorable comfort in this place.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the bazaars and shopping centers as public spaces. Given the weakness of public places and consequently the weakness of social interactions, today’s societies are in dire need of social spaces to increase social interactions. Therefore, the review of these two as then and now’s urban spaces could help solve some problems. Bazaars are among the oldest Iranian urban spaces, which are deemed to be the palpitating heart of the Iranian cities, playing different social, economic, and other roles. Shopping centers are adopted from the 20th Century’s models and are considered as an appropriate alternative for Bazaars for the modern human of the 21st Century. Descriptive-Analytical research method is of the case study model, and Space Syntax Software was used for collection of data by library method and analysis. The results show that shopping centers cannot be appropriate alternatives for Bazaars and can be considered as centers for meeting economic needs. Therefore, these centers could not be considered as appropriate collective spaces and as appropriate places for meeting social and recreational needs.

Squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety of functions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. Shohada square as a focal point in Mashhad , is one of the main arteries of access to Holly shrine of Imam رضا and makes access to utilities and major axes . According to the former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surrounding neighborhoods, access to the Holy shrine plays the memorial and historical role, that presents a very important position of the square. This paper clearly states that Esfahan school characteristics such as unity, diversity and balance, are an appropriate pattern for design and evaluation of urban spaces that can be used for reconstruction of old squares on historical context. The results showed that this pattern does not comply fully with Shohada square and modern architecture is visible in it. Also, serious damage has struck to the identity of the Shohada square by physical transformation with absolutely modern pattern after neglect of strong position of relation between رضوی shrine and Shohada square and religious traditional context and history. Egregious physical duality of new

Due to the poor social and economic conditions of vulnerable children's families, vulnerable children experience urban spaces for work and play more than other children. Although these children gain a solid understanding of urban spaces, which can be used in the process of designing desirable urban spaces in their neighborhoods, they are less considered in such projects. Thus, the methodology for the participation of vulnerable children is not developed well to be suited for their involvement in urban rehabilitation. This study exامینed the application of various qualitative methods to find the suitability of each method for vulnerable children participation in the urban rehabilitation, such as drawing, interview, visiting site and writing essays complemented with drawings, if desired. The results of the study in Tehran’s southern neighborhoods reveal that certain group interviews and site visiting with these children could be more beneficial as compared to other participation methods. This is due to a number of factors including better verbal skills as compared to writing and drawing capabilities. Further, studies show that the participation of vulnerable children requires suitable measures to obtain their trust and encourage participation. None-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) can play a significant role in this.

The present article is intended to analyze the status of architectural education during two periods before and after Cultural Revolution in Iran and in order to interpret approaches and paradigms, methods, and way of its development thereby, it deals with criticism of current situation in the field of architectural education. For this purpose, it has been tried to separate different fields of quantitative and qualitative development of the discussed subject with historical review on formation of architectural academic schools during recent period. The methodology of current research is based on using the relevant information about structure of architectural education in Iran during two major periods, which have been subjected to data- mining by taking an interpretative- historical approach. In addition, the present condition has been criticized with review on the existing theories in this field and afterwards in order to achieve the given result and for conclusion of the contemporary attitudes in Iranian architectural education. Findings have been analyzed according to strategic analysis to disambiguate the process of planning for the future based on internal strong and weak point as well as external opportunities and threats (SWOT) in educational structure of architecture and eventually following to evaluation of today status and position becomes available for access in the future.

In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in Tehran University who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learning the subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "preparation", "incubation", "intuition", and "verification" were discussed and it was suggested that these steps cannot be taught but in skill-based learning the objective steps of creativity process i.e. "combination", "mutation", "analogy", "first principle" and "emergence" in a form of an instructional and designing practice were studied. In skill-based learning, three kinds of learning namely "passive", "active" and "reflective are utilized. Passive learning is used by the student to discover the knowledge and skill of the instructor. The active learning which is based on the idea is utilized for helping the novice learners. The result of the case study indicated that the perception through creativity in the designing process is like building a bridge on the knowledge gap between teacher and student through studying the samples of architecture as an active learning and student's implicit knowledge as a reflective learning. In this paper the emphasis is on the values of education and the very important point about learning designing is the access to the creativity as a product of an educational process. To this end the instructors' concern on the quality of improving the novice learners' designing ability and considering the suggested model in order to evaluate the designing improvement is quite necessary and indispensible.