مطالب

The pipeline project, Nord Stream 2 (NS2), has been an issue of controversies. Russia and Germany consider the project an economic contract, but the United-States and Eastern European countries have concerns about its geopolitical effects. These disputes have created a divide in Europe and have posed a threat to trans-Atlantic relations. The current research suggests NS2 can influence the strategic balance between great powers in the international system, giving energy leverage to Russia against United-States, and consequently to China by strengthening projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Our findings put forward that not only NS2, in case of realization, is a source of American decline, but also the debates on the issue are a sign of American struggling for protecting its precarious international position. By placing Europe in front of the United-States, NS2 could be one component of European strategic autonomy (ESA); meanwhile, it may jeopardize ESA by depending on Europe on Russia. Europe’s solution to gain ESA is to use its leverages such as normative one to manage the situation for outcomes like protecting Europe’s unity and economic interests.

The purpose of this study is to present a model of human resource architecture in Iranian Customs. This research is in the category of exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative phase, the statistical population was academic experts in HR, managers and assistants in the field of Customs of Southern Iran. Purposeful sampling was continued until theoretical saturation. The sample size was 19 individuals. Semi-structured individual and in-person interviews were conducted. Based on the opinions following the implementation of the texts related to HR architectures, themes and coding, describing the basic elements, characteristics, system, achievements, advanced performance activities, and maintenance activities of HR were extracted. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population of this study consisted of all staff Customs of Southern Iran Who Were used based on theoretical foundations of structural equations minimum sample size of 210 stratified by random sampling based on Morgan Table. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire of HR architecture (2019) was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts according to a predefined format and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha 0.971. The following results were obtained to analyze the research findings using structural equations by LISREL software.All the relationships between HR architecture and Dimensions are very strong, because all standard coefficients are completely obtained by No. 1 Finally, it can be said that the strongest relationship between theDimensions and variables of HR architecture is the relationship between the achievement Dimension and HR architecture .

Статья посвящена особенностям процесса формирования правовой лексики в русском языке XIV – XVII вв. В ранних источниках древнерусского периода противоправные действия разного рода именуются лексемами обобщенного характера, такими как зло, грех, проказа, пакости, ослушание и т.п. Преступники, совершившие противоправные действия, представлены в источниках ослушниками и злодеями. В дальнейшем преступные действия дифференцируются, причем фиксируется лексическое отражение преступлений, различавшихся по признакам: совершенное против личности или собственности, умышленное – неумышленное, а также совершенное впервые или повторно и др. В статье рассматривается терминология преступлений против собственности. Преступные действия данного свойства обозначаются в правовых текстах лексемами разбой, татьба, грабеж и др. В качестве наименований их субъектов используются существительные разбойник, тать, грабежник и т.п. Важными критериями при наименовании лиц, совершивших кражу, являются место преступления и характер украденного: церковный тать, кромский тать, клетный тать, коневый тать и др. Лексика в статье анализируется с точки зрения происхождения, семантики, процесса терминологизации и сферы употребления.