Oil Revenue

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the system of oil revenues effects on the production performance of oil-rich countries in both short and long-run. To reveal new insight, a macroeconomic model is designed to hypothesize long-run structural relations in the economies of the oil-rich countries including three long-run relationships of real output, real money balance, and the adjusted purchasing power parity and short-run dynamics of variables within the framework of a Vector Error Correction Model. The model is estimated based on the annual data of 33 oil-rich countries during the period of 1992 to 2016. The existence of three long-run relationships in the economies of oil-rich countries is confirmed. Based on the estimated model, the net effect of oil revenues changes on production is directly related to the institutional quality index. In countries with the institutional quality lower than the threshold, the net effect of increasing oil revenues on production in the long-run is negative, and in contrast, in countries with higher institutional quality, this effect is positive and will be strengthened by increasing institutional quality. The institutional quality threshold is estimated to be 0.23.

Resource-rich developing countries are forced by economic fluctuations due to international commodity price movement. One way to reduce the volatility adverse effects is to establish institutions such as Sovereign Wealth Fund. However, the way this fund is managed is important. Iran, as a resource-rich developing country, suffers from economic fluctuations. In order to manage resource revenues, National Development Fund (NDF) has been established. In this paper, using DSGE model, we examined different scenarios for managing fund resources. A scenario, without any stabilizer Fund and two different scenario for National Development Fund. In the second scenario, NDF has a role like the one in Sixth Development Plan. In the third scenario, all oil revenues are deposited to NDF and a part of the fund as much as interest rate in the OECD countries plus 70% of long run oil revenues invested in the economy. The Results indicated that the management of oil revenues by the Fund, in which the inflow of oil revenues into the economy follows the commitment, is an appropriate policy to reduce the economic fluctuations in Iran.