پروین میرزایی

In early 2020, the coronavirus outbreak compelled higher education institutions worldwide to cancel campus-based teaching and conduct a variety of electronic learning which led to assessment of the quality of e-learning and its results, such as learning and self-efficacy. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of problem-based e-learning (PBe-L) on the learning and academic efficacy of students during the COVID-19 pandemic in ‘An Introduction of Educational Technology Course’. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test/ post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of undergraduate students in the field of educational sciences studying in the University of Tehran. 38 students were selected as the research sample using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. PBe-L was conducted for the experimental group and the control group experienced the direct learning approach. A researcher-made learning test and Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale (1999) were used. The results showed that the mean of learning and self-efficacy of the experimental group increased from 7.92 and 57.00 in the pre-test to 18.51 and 76.57 in the post-test respectively. The results of covariance showed that the mean scores of the post-test of the two groups were statistically significant (p≥0.005). The results of this study showed that the use of PBe-L during the COVID-19 pandemic can be effective in increasing the students’ learning and academic efficacy.

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Sahajaoga and Mind Strengthening Yoga exercises on the anxiety test of female children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with gastrointestinal problems in Karaj. Method: The study is semi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test with the control group. . According to the input and output criteria, 30 people were selected and divided into 3 groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Data collection tool was a questionnaire for diagnosing hyperactivity disorder along with attention deficit disorder and Abolghasemi exam anxiety questionnaire. The interventions took place in eight sessions and the subjects were examined before and after the interventions with the test anxiety test. Results: The results of the present study, after collecting and analyzing the data by covariance analysis test, show that Sahajayoga and Mind Strengthening Yoga exercises significantly (at p <0.05) confirm the assumption that the sessions performed were effective. . In other words, after the intervention of Sahajayoga technique, about 98% and after the implementation of mind strengthening yoga, about 94% of the change in the dependent variable is due to the change in the independent variable. In fact, the Sahajaoga and Mind Strengthening Yoga training is effective in reducing the anxiety test of this group of children. Conclusion: The overall findings suggest that yoga-based training has a positive effect on reducing anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method in medical centers to improve the anxiety and digestive problems of children with ADHD.