شناسایی شاخص های ارزیابی پایداری در بوم نظام های کشاورزی روستای گلزار شهرستان پاکدشت (روش گراندد تئوری) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
افزایش جمعیت جهان و تغییر سبک زندگی، افزایش تقاضا برای غذا و به موازات آن افزایش برداشت از منابع تولید را در پی داشته است. این روند، تأمین امنیت غذایی جهان را بخصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه به مخاطره انداخته است. راه حل مشکل، استفاده پایدار از منابع و کشاورزی پایدار می باشد. لذا برای برقراری پایداری درکشاورزی باید بوم نظام های کشاورزی اصلاح شوند. از این رو بوم نظام های کشاورزی نیازمند ارزیابی، طراحی و در صورت لزوم بازطراحی می باشند. در ابتدا شناسایی معیارها و شاخص های ارزیابی پایداری بوم نظام های کشاورزی ضروری می باشد، که هدف این پژوهش است. منطقه مطالعاتی در تحقیق حاضر روستای گلزار، شهرستان پاکدشت و نوع تحقیق حاضر کاربردی و از نظر روش انجام پژوهش، توصیفی پیمایشی مبتنی بر داده های کیفی است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کیفی از روش گراندد تئوری استفاده شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش از اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه ، خبرگان حوزه کشاورزی پایدار، کارشناسان وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و کشاورزان نمونه منطقه انتخاب شده است. در تحقیق حاضر برای نمونه گیری از روش گلوله برفی استفاده شد و مصاحبه ها تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه داشت که بعد از 12 مصاحبه اشباع نظری حاصل شد. طبق نتایج تحقیق، از تمامی مصاحبه های صورت گرفته 38 کد استخراج شد و کد ها در پنج دسته پایداری اقتصادی (مداخله)، پایداری اجتماعی (پیامد)، پایداری اکولوژیکی (بستر حاکم)، بهره وری (پدیده اصلی) و عدالت (راهبرد) دسته بندی شدند. مهمترین شاخص ها در بخش اقتصادی شامل عملکرد، در بخش اجتماعی، تجربه کاری کشاورز، در بخش اکولوژیکی، مصرف نهاده های شیمیایی در هکتار، بخش بهره وری، بهره وری اقتصادی آب و در بخش عدالت درآمد سرانه شناسایی شدند. پیشنهاد می شود تا در سیاسیت گذاری های خرد و کلان کشور به منظور ارزیابی پایداری، مجموعه ای از شاخص های بومی سازی شده و منطبق با شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و اکولوژیکی هر منطقه را مدنظر قرار دهد.Identification of sustainability assessment indicators in the agricultural ecosystems of Golzar village, Pakdasht Township (ground theory method)
The sustainable development of agriculture has always faced many problems, and a set of these problems caused by the inevitable and comprehensive relationship between agriculture and the environment have attracted more attention (Win et al. 2018: 205). The common approach to solving problems has been to solve them individually. But basically, the agricultural problems, are related to ecological, social and economic processes and in many cases, they are caused by the fundamental incompatibility between these aspects (Delgado et al. 2019: 54). Therefore, in the 1980s, Conway presented an approach called the assessment and development of agricultural ecosystems, which is important from two aspects: first, this approach can be applied to all hierarchical levels of agricultural systems, to deal through the farm, village, the watershed, the region and the country (Bahrami, 1399: 2). Second, the assessment of agricultural ecosystems provides an analysis technique and technological packages that focus not only on productivity, but also on other features of the system, i.e., stability, sustainability, equality and interactions between them. (Gorjian et al. 2020: 292. ( But in order to evaluate the sustainability of an agricultural ecosystem, indicators must be selected that are specific to that ecosystem and on the other hand, can evaluate the characteristics of an ecosystem correctly. In this regard, in this article, an attempt has been made to identify the indicators of sustainability of agricultural ecosystems in Golzar Village of Pakdasht Township by grounded theory method. Methodology The current research was conducted in three general sections using the Grounded Theory method to identify indicators for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems .The first part (identification of indicators): In this part of the research, the interview data and qualitative data were analyzed and coded, so the method of this part of the research is descriptive-correlation type. The second part (validation): This part of the data validation research was done with multi-step fuzzy Delphi method. Therefore, the method of this part of the research is a descriptive survey based on quantitative data and relies on the Delphi questionnaire. The third part (grounded theory): qualitative content analysis; the research was carried out as follows: In the first stage, i.e. preparation, the unit of analysis was selected. Then, in the organizing stage, data coding was done and the data were categorized. The classification was done in the form of a hierarchy, so that it consisted of a main category, several general categories and several sub-categories for each general category. And finally, the analysis report was compiled and the output was designed as a model. Results Economic sustainability (intervention): important indicators in the economic sector based on the obtained codes, including long-term and short-term performance, net income per hectare, the ratio of uncultivated land due to lack of water to the total. Social sustainability (outcome): Important indicators in the social sector include the ratio of the number of family members who participate in agriculture to the total number of family members, the average level of literacy of farmers and the work experience of farmers. Ecological sustainability (ruling substrate): important indicators in the ecology include soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (N), consumption of chemical inputs per hectare and low tillage or no tillage. Productivity (the main phenomenon): important indicators in the productivity sector include land productivity, water economic productivity, labor productivity, chemical input consumption efficiency, etc. Justice (strategy): Important indicators in the equality sector are per capita income, per capita bank facilities (number of facilities per hectare of land), women's participation rate, access to low-consumption facilities and equipment. Discussion Various indicators are involved in the evaluation of agricultural ecosystems, and the results of the evaluation are highly dependent on the accurate and correct identification of these indicators. The indicators used for each region should be specific to that region. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these indicators for each region according to the characteristics of that region. Conclusion The indicators obtained in the current research have a high degree of confidence in terms of being native and identified by regional experts and verification and screening with the fuzzy Delphi method. As a result, it is suggested to be evaluated by the relevant executive bodies in order to increase the sustainability of the agricultural ecosystems of Golzar village.
تبلیغات
