تاثیر مصرف پودر سیر بر گلوتاتیون سرم و برخی شاخص های آسیب سلولی در افراد غیرفعال پس از یک جلسه فعالیت وامانده ساز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: سیر با برخورداری از آثار ضداکسایشی می تواند ضمن مقابله با آثار نامطلوب فشار اکسیداتیو ناشی از بیماری ها، سبب کاهش شاخص آسیب های غشای سلولی شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر مصرف پودر سیر بر گلوتاتیون سرم و برخی شاخص های آسیب سلولی در افراد غیرفعال پس از یک جلسه فعالیت وامانده ساز بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد 10 دانشجوی پسر غیرفعال سالم با میانگین سنی 6/2±6/25 سال و شاخص توده بدنی 7/1±5/23 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع، به صورت داوطلبانه در این تحقیق متقاطع، شرکت نمودند. شرکت کننده ها دو بار پروتکل بروس را با فاصله دو هفته انجام دادند. خونگیری اولیه به شکل ناشتا در ابتدای صبح انجام شد. سپس شرکت کننده ها، مکمل یا دارونما (۱۰۰۰ میلی گرم کپسول حاوی پودر سیر به عنوان مکمل و آرد به عنوان دارونما) را به مدت دو هفته مصرف کردند و متعاقب آن، فعالیت وامانده ساز بروس را انجام دادند. خونگیری دوم به منظور گلوتاتیون سرم بلافاصله بعد از فعالیت وامانده ساز و برای اندازه گیری شاخص های آسیب سلولی، 42 ساعت بعد از فعالیت انجام شد. سنجش شاخص های گلوتاتیون، کراتین کیناز و لاکتات دهیدروژناز با روش های استاندارد انجام گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون t مستقل و وابسته در سطح معنی داری 05/0>p استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج آماری نشان داد که سطح گلوتاتیون در دو گروه سیر و دارونما بعد از فعالیت وامانده ساز (001/0=p) کاهش داشته و در گروه سیر نسبت به دارونما (001/0=p) تفاوت معنی داری پیدا کرد. سطح لاکتات دهیدروژناز و کراتین کیناز در هر دو گروه سیر (001/0=p) و دارونما (001/0=p) بعد از فعالیت وامانده ساز افزایش و در گروه سیر نسبت به دارونما، تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (08/0=p). نتیجه گیری: مصرف حاد سیر، احتمالاَ با فعال کردن پپتید گلوتاتیون موجب افزایش برداشت بیشتر این آنتی اکسیدان در پاسخ به فعالیت وامانده ساز می شود. همچنین فعالیت وامانده ساز بروس موجب ایجاد آسیب سلولی می شود که مصرف مکمل سیر تاثیری بر بروز آسیب سلولی ندارد.The effect of consuming garlic powder on serum glutathione and some cell indices in inactive people after a session of exhaustive exercise
Background and Aim: Physical activity and the use of antioxidant supplements are considered effective strategies for improving the balance between oxidative and antioxidative stress, thereby enhancing physical performance (19). In recent years, several pharmacological and medical studies have identified garlic, as a natural substance, has antioxidant properties (20). Due to these properties, garlic may help counteract the harmful effects of oxidative stress caused by various diseases and reduce indicators of cell membrane damage (19).Given the increasing interest in natural and cost-effective sources of antioxidants for promoting health, further research in this area is warranted. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the effects of garlic supplementation on serum glutathione levels and selected markers of cellular damage in inactive individuals following a session of exhaustive exercise.Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on a statistical population comprising male students from Birjand University. All participants were healthy, physically inactive (i.e., had not engaged in regular physical activity for at least one year prior to the study), and non-smokers. A total of 10 volunteers (mean age: 25.6 ± 2.6 years) were recruited through public announcements. The study employed a counterbalanced crossover design, in which all participants received both the garlic supplement and the placebo in separate phases. Each participant attended three laboratory sessions. During the first session, after signing an informed consent form and completing a general health and demographic questionnaire, anthropometric characteristics were measured. These included weight, height, body mass index (BMI) (assessed via a body composition analyzer), and body fat percentage, which was estimated using skinfold measurements at three sites (thigh, triceps, abdomen, all on the right side) and calculated using a standard three-point formula (28).In general, after the first session, in the second and third sessions (test sessions) which were conducted two weeks apart, a blood sample was initially taken from the brachial vein in the sitting position (all initial samplings were performed at 8 AM in the fasting state). Then, the supplement or placebo was consumed once a day by the participants (1000 mg capsule containing garlic powder or flour as placebo) and after two weeks, they performed the Bruce exhausting activity (29, 30). In this study, two blood samples, each of five milliliters, were taken from the brachial vein of the participants in the sitting position in the fasting state, such that one blood sample was taken before taking the supplement; second stage of blood sampling for glutathione immediately after exhaustive exercise and for cell damage markers 24 h after exercise was conducted. Blood samples were analyzed for serum glutathione and markers of cell damage, including creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Findings: As shown in Table 2, there were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics (age, weight, body fat percentage, and BMI) among the participants (p>0.05), indicating homogeneity of the sample.According to the statistical results in Table 1, garlic supplementation significantly affected the serum glutathione response. Following exhaustive exercise, serum glutathione levels decreased significantly more in the garlic group compared to the placebo group (p=0.001).On the other hand, the statistical results of the data showed that the LDH level both the garlic and placebo groups showed a significant increase post-exercise compared to pre-exercise levels (p=0.001); however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Similarly, CK levels also increased significantly after exercise in both groups (p=0.001), but the increase was not significantly different between the garlic and placebo groups (p=0.06). These findings indicate that garlic consumption did not prevent the post-exercise rise in CK levels, suggesting that the increase was primarily due to the exhaustive exercise protocol itself (Table 1).Conclusion: The present study indicates that acute garlic supplementation, likely due to its sulfur-containing compounds, may activate enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis and metabolism, thereby influencing the antioxidant response. Specifically, garlic may enhance glutathione utilization in response to exhaustive exercise, potentially through the activation of glutathione peptide metabolism.Ethical considerations: All ethical principles have been considered in this article. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study and its implementation stages. They were also assured of the confidentiality of their information and could leave the study at any time and, if they wish, the results of the study will be made available to them. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants.Compliance with ethical guidelines: The authors of this article adhere to ethical rules and standards at all stages of the research, from design to publication of the article, in order to maintain scientific integrity, prevent fraud, and maintain scientific credibility.Funding: This research has not received any funding from government, public, commercial, or non-profit funding organizations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts
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