تحلیل روایی ترجمه سخنرانی شهید ابراهیم رئیسی در اجلاس ریاض بر مبنای نظریه مونا بیکر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ترجمه به عنوان یک ابزار رسانه ای عامل ارتباط بین ملت ها و یک پدیده بینافرهنگی توسط دولت ها و سازمان ها برای تعیین خط مشی و روایت سازی از واقعیت های جهان مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرد. بدیهی است در این مأموریت، مترجمان عاملی اثرگذار هستند که تنها واژگان و عبارات را ترجمه نمی کنند، بلکه براساس باورهای خود و سیاست های تعیین شده به ساخت روایت ها در زندگی روزمره مردم کمک می کنند. نظریه جامعه شناختی روایت که برای نخستین بار توسط مونا بیکر مطرح شد، مترجمان را به عنوان عوامل تأثیرگذار در روایت سازی از اتفاقات جهان پیرامون معرفی می کند. این مقاله به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی تلاش دارد ترجمه های عربی سخنرانی شهید ابراهیم رئیسی در شش رسانه با ایدئولوژی های متفاوت را برمبنای ابزار های نظره روایت به ویژه ابزار «قاب بندی» مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار دهد. پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد چگونه مترجمان با استفاده از تصرف گزینشی، پیرنگ سازی علّی، تغییر موقعیت نقش آفرینان و زمان و مکان مندی، یک سخنرانی را باز روایت می کنند؛ از این رو، پس از تحلیل داده ها مشخص شد که نقش «روایت» و «قاب بندی» در ترجمه و بازتولید تصویر متن مبدأ، بسیار حائز اهمیت است و رسانه ها برای قبولاندن باور خود در بازتاب یک سخنرانی، آن را با کمک ابزارهای متنی و پیرامتنی دستکاری و قاب بندی می کنند. از دیگر یافته های پژوهش این است که ابزارهای قاب بندی با یکدیگر هم پوشی دارند. علاوه بر این، نمونه هایی از تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده نشان می دهد تصرف گزینشی- الگوی حذف بیشترین بسامد را در قاب بندی یک ترجمه از سخنرانی دارا است.The Narrative Analysis of Translations of Martyred Ebrahim Raisi's Speeches at Riyadh Summit in Light of Mona Baker's Theory
Translation, regarded as a medium, facilitates communication across many cultures and nations. It also functions as an intercultural phenomenon for governments and organizations to articulate the reality of the world. Throughout this journey, it is evident that translators are significant individuals who translate vocabulary and phrases and construct narratives in people's daily lives based on their ideas and established regulations. Mona Baker's narrative theory emphasizes the significant role of translators as key figures in global narratives. This study employs both descriptive and analytical methods to scrutinize the Arabic translations of speeches delivered by the slain Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, as they appear in diverse news sources with varying ideologies. The study employs narrative theory, specifically focusing on "framing" tactics. The data analysis showed that "Narrative" and "Framing" are very important in both translating and reproducing the image of the original text. This is because the media twists speech using language to get their policy and ideology across. This research seeks to demonstrate that framing tools are interconnected and mutually dependent. Translators use techniques such as selective appropriation, causal emplotment, player repositioning, and temporal and spatial framing to structure and present a speech, thereby guiding the reader's understanding. The gathered data indicates that the tactics of selective appropriation and omission are more prevalent in the framing of speech translation.IntroductionMona Baker is the inaugural individual to integrate narrative theory from the realm of social sciences with translation studies. In 2006, she sought to elucidate and analyze the conduct of translators as social activists in her work titled Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. Mona Baker posits that narratives depict reality and contribute to its creation and formation. Baker posits that translation transcends mere word conversion into another language; it involves the re-narration of events and characters in a different linguistic context (Baker, 2014: 159). By making framing the most important part of this theory, written translators and interpreters work with publishers, editors, and other middle-men to change content, highlight certain parts of a story, or change the text and its context, which changes social reality (158). Baker identifies framing as the key narrative instrument by examining Erving Goffman's writings and the literature pertaining to constructivist social movements. Textual and meta-textual tools that can be used in framing include tone, typography, visual elements like color and imagery, and linguistic tools such as verbs, indicative terms, and descriptive phrases. Framing highlights four primary instruments for connecting narrative and text. Baker identifies the following tactics or strategies: temporal/spatial framing, selective exposure framing, framing through labeling, and altering the location of actors. According to Baker's view, the translator possesses the ability to alter the text to align with the interests of the government, organization, or media for which they are translating. This research seeks to analyze the framing of Ebrahim Raisi's address, the deceased president of Iran, delivered at the Arab-Islamic summit on February 11, 2023. Six Arab media outlets with varying ideological perspectives translated the speech. According to Baker's theory, the study will look at how close these translations were to the original text of the late Iranian president's speech. It will also look at how far they were from the original, revealing any changes or manipulations made to the main text. Baker's theory hasn't been used to look at many speech translations, so the speech of the martyred Ebrahim Raisi was chosen because of its diplomatic importance and the summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where presidents and leaders of Arab and Islamic countries talked about current events around the world, like the Gaza conflict. The examination of this speech offers an appropriate framework for understanding how various media convey a meta-narrative. Literature ReviewSince Mona Baker introduced the story theory in 2006, other scholars, including those from Iran, have examined and assessed it through practical investigations of political disputes and other contexts.In their 2021 article, "Renarration through Translation: The Case of Islam in Iran," Bolouri and Bolouri examine how translator Karim Keshavarz and commentator Mohammad Reza Hakimi employ paratextual elements, such as the introduction and explanatory notes, to reinterpret the events depicted in the primary text.In their 2021 article titled "Manipulation of Narratives in Translated Political Texts: The Reflection of Iran’s Political News in the West-Supported Media," Mehdi Latifi, Shireh Jieni, and Mahmoud Afrooz concluded that narratives can subtly guide an uninformed audience toward a predetermined objective, with selective exposure being the most effective framing strategy.Mona Rafat Eltantawi (2021) authored an article titled "Transcultural Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences," which exclusively examines the theoretical aspects of Baker's approach, elucidating Baker's theory, its methodologies, the concept of framing, its various types, and the challenges encountered by researchers pertaining to this theory.Research MethodologyThis research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, narrative theory, and the concept of framing to examine the translation of Ebrahim Raisi's speech across six Arabic media outlets. These outlets include the Al-Alam news network, Al-Mayadeen network website, and Yemen Press website, which represent resistance axis media. In contrast, the CNN Arabic website, France 24 news website, and Al Arabiya Network website are positioned outside this axis. The study aims to elucidate the processes of framing and renarration facilitated by translators' activism. The primary text of the martyred Raisi's speech and its Arabic translation were meticulously scrutinized multiple times. First, the original text and its translations were looked at separately. Then, the translated parts were put next to the original text to see how the discourse was framed in the Arabic versions. Information about the original texts, along with their translations and framing, was put into tables. The different types of framing were named after the techniques and strategies they were used with were explained.ConclusionThe translation of political news, encompassing the remarks of government officials, undergoes selective examination, albeit lacking comprehensive information. The media adhere to a narrative structure. Translators and editors can elucidate the context of interpretation and emphasize the subjects presented in the primary text of the speech through selective exposure and the incorporation of patterns. They can additionally exclude some commendable or derogatory terms and phrases from the primary text and categorize them based on the politics and ideology of the target document. Subtle modifications in the translated text, arising from the spatial and chronological framing and positioning of the players, might enhance the goal narrative. The change from singular pronouns to third-person singular pronouns shows that the roles of the actors have changed. This changes the way readers interact with the events and characters in the target language. This study emphasized that framing strategies, such as plotting, repositioning characters, selective exposure, and labeling, are connected and overlap; the details of one can be used to describe the others without any problems. This overlap is significant in interpreting the discourse of the martyred Ebrahim Raisi. According to Baker's analytical model, the deletion pattern in selective exposure is the most common way to reframe speech text and make sure the reader is on the same page with the translation. Baker's theory, with its diverse tools and textual as well as metatextual strategies, provides researchers the opportunity to analyze various translation texts. Furthermore, the tools of this theory remain subject to detailed analysis in new articles, as they continue to evolve.
تبلیغات
