تحلیل شکل گیری هویت و ساختارهای اجتماعی در انیمیشن های «روح» (2020) و «پینوکیوی گیرمو دل تورو» (2022)، براساس مفهوم هابیتوس پیر بوردیو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این مقاله به بررسی چگونگی شکل گیری هویت و ساختارهای اجتماعی در انیمیشن های «روح» (2020) و «پینوکیوی گیرمو دل تورو» (2022) از طریق مفهوم هابیتوس پیر بوردیو می پردازد. هدف، تجزیه و تحلیل این مسئله است که چگونه هابیتوس شخصیت ها بر رفتارها و رشد هویت آن ها در زمینه های روایی مربوطه شان تأثیر می گذارد؛ آن هم با تمرکز بر نحوه تعامل گرایش های درونی و ساختارهای اجتماعی. این پژوهش با استفاده از رویکرد تطبیقی کیفی، نظریه های بوردیو درباره هابیتوس، سرمایه و زمینه های اجتماعی را برای بررسی صحنه های کلیدی، رشد شخصیت و عناصر روایی در هر دو انیمیشن به کار می گیرد. داده ها از طریق مشاهده دقیق تحول و تعامل شخصیت ها جمع آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل مقاله نشان می دهد که در «روح»، هابیتوس جو گاردنر در ابتدا به دلیل پیشینه اجتماعی-اقتصادی و انتظارات خانوادگی او محدود می شود، اما در طول سفر وجودی اش تکامل می یابد و منعکس کننده تغییر تمرکز از موفقیت حرفه ای به قدردانی از لحظات روزمره است. در مقابل، پینوکیو نشان می دهد که هابیتوس پینوکیو توسط فشارهای خارجی، از جمله کنترل اقتدارگرایانه و استثمار اقتصادی شکل می گیرد و منجر به دگرگونی ناشی از چالش های اخلاقی و اجتماعی می شود. «روح» کاوش پیچیده ای از هابیتوس در یک محیط معاصر را نشان می دهد که بر رشد شخصی و تفسیر مجدد سرمایه فرهنگی تأکید دارد. برعکس، «پینوکیو» بینش هایی درباره اینکه چگونه هنجارهای اجتماعی و سرمایه اقتصادی بر هویت در چارچوبی تاریخی تأثیر می گذارد، ارائه می دهد. در مقام تطبیق و مقایسه، «روح» توفیق بیشتری در انتقال سیالیت و پیچیدگی مفهوم هابیتوس دارد و تصویری دقیق از چگونگی شکل گیری هویت توسط سرمایه فرهنگی و تجربیات شخصی ارائه می دهد. این مطالعه در فهم نظری هابیتوس در سینمای انیمیشن مشارکت می کند و راه هایی را برای تحقیقات بیشتر در رسانه ها و ژانرهای مختلف فراهم می آورد.Analysis of Identity Formation and Social Structures in the Animated Movies "Soul" (2020) and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" (2022), Based on Pierre Bourdieu's Concept of Habitus
The representation of identity formation and social structures in animation provides a lens through which complex sociological concepts can be explored and articulated. The animated movies "Soul" (2020) and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" (2022) are recent works that delve into themes of identity, social expectations, and personal aspirations. These films present distinct yet complementary narratives, providing a suitable framework for analysis through Bourdieu's lens. While there is growing interest in analyzing identity formation through various media, there is a noticeable lack of comparative studies focusing on animated films and Bourdieu's concept of habitus. Although separate analyses of "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" exist, there is no comparative and joint analysis regarding habitus and social structures in these films. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of these films through the lens of habitus, aiming to uncover insights into how animated narratives reflect and critique social norms and identity. The objectives of this study are: to analyze the representation of Bourdieu's concept of habitus in the animations "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio," to explain how social structures and different forms of capital influence the identity of the characters in these animations, to compare the identity formation and social structures in these two animations, and to understand how animated narratives engage with sociological concepts and social critique. The research questions are as follows: How is Bourdieu's concept of habitus manifested in the identity formation of the main characters in the animations "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio"? How do social structures and various forms of capital (economic, cultural, social) influence the development and change of the characters' identities in these two animations? What are the differences between "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" in portraying personal identity and social norms, and what does this reveal about the fluidity and complexity of habitus in contemporary versus historical contexts? This study uses a qualitative approach and comparative analysis of the animations "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" to examine Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus in identity formation and the influence of social structures. These two animations were chosen for their cultural impact and rich themes. Data were collected through observation and comprehensive analysis of key scenes and character development to explore how habitus is portrayed and the effects of various forms of capital (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic) on character identity. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between personal inclinations and social influences in these two films, demonstrating how animated narratives can reflect and critique social norms and structures. The theoretical framework of this research is based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, which examines the reciprocal influence between individual agency and social structures. Habitus is a system of dispositions and tendencies shaped by an individual's social experiences and circumstances, guiding their perceptions, thoughts, and actions. This system is dynamic, evolving as individuals encounter new experiences. While habitus is personal, it also has a collective aspect, as individuals with similar social backgrounds exhibit similar tendencies in behavior and worldview. This study, utilizing Bourdieu's theoretical framework, examines the flexibility of the characters' habitus when faced with challenges and new experiences, paying attention to the role of different forms of capital (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic) in determining the characters' position and identity. The analytical model presented within this framework focuses on the key components of Bourdieu's theory in analyzing the animations "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio." These components include examining the social background of the characters and its impact on their tendencies and behaviors, the dynamism of habitus in response to changes, the process of identity construction and reconstruction through social interactions, and the influence of various forms of capital on the characters' social positions and opportunities. Additionally, this model investigates how habitus is formed through socialization processes and the impact of new social environments on it. Analyzing these elements in the animations provides a comprehensive view of the interaction between individual dispositions and social structures, leading to a deeper understanding of identity formation and the dynamics of power in these works. This analysis reveals that the animations "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" explore the concept of habitus through the transformative journeys of their characters, offering narratives about the impact of socio-economic backgrounds and social expectations on actions and identity formation. Both films portray protagonists whose habitus is tested and reshaped as they navigate challenges. Joe Gardner in the first animation and Pinocchio in the second are both under social pressures that shape their initial inclinations and choices. Joe struggles between his passion for music and the need for job security, battling family expectations and economic realities, while Pinocchio, born from Geppetto's grief, confronts social pressures from authoritarian figures, reflecting themes of conformity and rebellion. The narratives highlight the dynamic nature of habitus, as both characters adapt and evolve in response to new experiences and social interactions. These films also emphasize the role of social structures and power dynamics in shaping behaviors and interactions, illustrating how personal agency is intertwined with broader social forces and expectations. These shared thematic elements demonstrate how the two animations explore identity and socialization within different narrative frameworks. Despite thematic similarities, "Soul" and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" differ in narrative focus and the portrayal of habitus. "Soul" places greater emphasis on introspection and philosophical exploration, focusing on Joe's existential journey to appreciate the value of everyday life beyond professional success. Joe's transformation is driven by inner realization and social pressures within the modern urban context, with particular attention to cultural capital and personal aspirations. The film's contemporary setting allows it to explore how modern socio-economic conditions influence identity formation. In contrast, "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" offers a more action-driven narrative set in a historical and fantastical context, emphasizing the impact of external challenges and moral growth. Pinocchio's story involves tangible trials such as circus exploitation and military training, highlighting the role of economic and political capital in shaping identity and social interactions. The film vividly portrays the influence of authoritarian figures and social norms on habitus through physical and moral lessons. While "Soul" focuses on personal and philosophical matters, "Pinocchio" provides a broader commentary on the social and political forces that influence personal and collective identity. From the perspective of Bourdieu's concept of habitus, "Soul" excels in conveying the fluidity and complexity of this concept within a modern context, offering a nuanced depiction of how identity is shaped by cultural capital and personal experiences. Joe Gardner's character reflects a deeper exploration of inner growth and existential reflection, making the film relatable to contemporary audiences grappling with the tension between personal dreams and social expectations. In contrast, while "Pinocchio" effectively illustrates the direct influence of external forces and social norms on identity, its historical and action-oriented narrative does not reach the level of introspection found in "Soul." The film excels in depicting the impact of power dynamics and authoritarian control, but it is "Soul" that provides a richer exploration of the internal negotiation between habitus and social pressures. "Soul" succeeds in portraying the complex interaction between individual ideals and social structures, offering a deeper exploration of identity formation and reconstruction. This engagement with identity in "Soul" demonstrates its superiority in addressing the complexities of habitus within modern social frameworks. This article analyzed the animated films "Soul" (2020) and "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" (2022) through the lens of Bourdieu's concept of habitus, revealing how identity formation and social structures are influenced by internal desires and external pressures. The findings show that "Soul" emphasizes the adaptability of habitus in modern contexts, while "Pinocchio" highlights the impact of authoritarian norms and economic capital. This research contributes to theoretical discourse by demonstrating how animated narratives reflect and challenge social structures, though the article's focus on this art form may limit its broader applicability. Future studies could extend the analysis to other genres and media to examine habitus in more diverse contexts.
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