تحلیل جامعه شناختی از بایسته های حکومت در وضع و اجرای اثربخش قوانین؛ با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مسئله پژوهش حاضر بایسته های حکومت در وضع و اجرای اثربخش قوانین بر اساس رویکردی جامعه شناختی است. روش اجرای پژوهش بر مبنای روش تحلیل مضمون و کدگذاری اطلاعات تا رسیدن به مضامین صورت گرفت. اساتید حوزوی و دانشگاهی جامعه مشارکت کنندگان پژوهش را تشکیل دادند که از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با آنان استفاده شد. روش انتخاب نمونه نیز به روش گلوله برفی تا رسیدن به اشباع داده ها انجام گرفت و تعداد آنان نهایتا به دوازده نفر رسید. اطلاعات بدست آمده مورد بررسی، موارد تکراری و مشابه درهم ادغام و در نهایت بایسته های مسئله تحقیق در جهت اثربخشی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. کدهای استخراج شده در سه سطح مفاهیم، مقوله های عمده و مضامین نشان داده شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده از مصاحبه ها، بایسته های حکومت مشتمل بر 31 مفهوم و 8 مقوله و در نهایت 2 مضمون اصلی در جهت اثربخشی بهتر قوانین می باشند. یافته های پژوهش نشان دهنده مضامین اصلی «اقناع گری اجتماعی قانون» و «قابلیت های اثربخشی اجرای قانون» است که هر کدام از این مضامین شامل مقوله ها و مفاهیمی است که به شرح و بسط آن پرداخته شد و مدل برخاسته از یافته ها نیز ترسیم گردید.Sociological Analysis of the Government's Obligations in the Legislation and Effective Administration of Laws Based on Thematic Analysis Method
The present study is to examine the duties of the government in legislating and implementing effective laws based on a sociological approach. The method of research was the theme analysis and coding information. Seminary and university teachers were the participants, and semi-structured interviews were used. The sample selection method was also done by the snowball method until data saturation was reached and their number reached twelve people. The obtained data was examined, it was repeated and similar cases were merged; then the research topic was analyzed for its effectiveness. The obtained codes were shown in three levels: concepts, major categories, and themes. Based on the results gained from the interviews, the government duties consist of 31 concepts, 8 categories, and 2 main themes for the better effectiveness of the laws. The findings show the main themes of "social persuasiveness of the law" and "effectiveness of law enforcement" includes issues and concepts that were explained and developed; the model obtained from the findings were also drawn. Keywords: Government duties, laws, effectiveness, sociology, content analysis. Research method In this research, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In fact, in order to understand the dimensions and components of the topic, the elites were interviewed based on the snowball sampling method. The number of interviewees or the participants depends on the theoretical saturation, and in the present study, the number of elites is 12. 6 seminary male teachers and 6 university male professors were interviewed. The main criterion of elites’ selection includes having influential research and educational experience in this subject. The data analysis method is thematic analysis. Theme analysis is a method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) in data. This method minimizes and describes the total data in detail. The data collected through interviews was coded, classified, categorized and separated based on the similarities and differences of the concepts, then its themes were extracted. MAXQDA software facilitates coding. Introduction The social effectiveness of laws and their improvement is a main issue and concern of social studies, especially in legal sociology. This is because laws, on the one hand, have a prominent position in regulating relationships between individuals and social sections, and on the other hand, can be implemented and acted in society, through using a large number of different factors and extra-legal and jurisprudential components. This matter, more than anything else, reveals the multifaceted nature of this topic and requires to simultaneously refer to the knowledge and skills of different scientific fields and a common dialogue between thinkers and researchers. The outcome can be seen in the formation of interdisciplinary and rather multidisciplinary sciences and fields in academic institutes of different countries. For instance, the common studies and discussions that have been conducted on the subject and similar cases in social sciences and especially, in law and sociology, have founded the basis for the formation of an interdisciplinary field called legal sociology, that has received considerable attention. But it is worth noting that this field is still not recognized in the academic universities of the country. In fact, this area, as a connecting point of legal and sociological debates, has remained far from the common concern of researchers of these two fields. Taking these points into account, the present article deals with the basic question of what are the obligations of governments in establishing and effectively implementing laws from a sociological perspective, and it is to introduce some topics and issues that are essential for the social effectiveness of laws. Conclusion & Result Due to their special capabilities, governments have an important role in the regulation and conduct of society's affairs
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