خوانش انتقادی نیچه از بدن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مسئله نفس و بدن در تاریخ تفکر غربی با پشتوانه افلاطونی مسیحی منجر به ایجاد درک نوع خاصی از مفهوم شناخت و حقیقت شده بود. نظم گفتمان کلاسیک فلسفه با نقدهای رادیکال نیچه به یکباره فروپاشید و با ایجاد گفتمانی جدید، نظم نوینی را در پهنه جهان فلسفی معاصر پدید آورد. نیچه آنچه را که قرن ها تحت مرجعیّت افلاطونی مسیحی منجر به حذف بدن از پهنه آرای فلسفی گشته بود دوباره وارد عرصه تفکر ساخت. نیچه از بدن به عنوان ”عقل بزرگ“ و از آگاهی به عنوان ”عقل کوچک“ یاد می کند و بدین شکل پاتوس را مقدم و شرط هرگونه اتوس معرفی کرده و با ایده بازگشت به طبیعت و بدن از مؤلفه های حیات در جهت حفظ و قوام زندگی با احیای استعاره به مثابه رسانه و زبان بدن حمایت می کند. در زیبایی شناسی فیزیولوژیک نیچه، بدن به مثابه چشم اندازی برای درک جهان مطرح می گردد و مبنای تفسیر نوین جهان بر اساس ارزش های جدید برای عبور از نیهیلیسم متافیزیکی و نام گذاری مجدد بر مبنای بدن و با زبان استعاره می شود.Nietzsche's critical reading of "Body"
The problem of soul and body in the history of Western thought with Christian Platonism support had led to the creation of a special kind of understanding of the concept of knowledge and truth. Nietzsche reintroduced what had led to the removal of the body from the philosophical fields under Christian Platonism authority for centuries. Nietzsche refers to the body as the "Great Reason" and consciousness as the "Small Reason" and in this way he introduces pathos as a prerequisite for any ethos and with the idea of returning to nature and the body, he supports the components of life in order to preserve and maintain the consistency of life by reviving metaphor as a medium and body language. In Nietzsche's physiological aesthetics, the body is presented as a perspective for understanding the world, and the basis of the new interpretation of the world is based on new values to overcome metaphysical nihilism and renaming it based on the body and with metaphor language. Keywords: Body, Great Reason, Metaphor, Aesthetics, Perspectivism Introduction As the first Western philosopher, Nietzsche challenged the Christian Platonism authority of 2500 years, according to which the body was removed from the field of human cognition and perception, and returned the body to the scene of life and thinking. Nietzsche stood against what he called the rational tyranny of metaphysical thought, and by announcing a return to nature, he actually returned to the body. What enables the basis of Nietzsche's return to nature and the body in a more general picture was his announcement of the death of God, which is also considered to mean the death of Western metaphysical thought. After the announcement of God's death, the body is considered as a great reason, and the reason itself in its classical sense is understood as a small reason, as a tool for the body. The main problem and question in this article is, from Nietzsche's point of view, does the body have a decisive position in the tradition of Western metaphysical thought? In the western metaphysical tradition, in the question of the soul and the body, what is the position of the body in cognitive relations? What is the importance of the body in the modern era of philosophical thinking? In the paradigm of Nietzsche's thought, how will the position of the body change in the problem of knowledge? And finally, how will Nietzsche's physiological aesthetics be an alternative to the nihilism of the metaphysical tradition? Materials & Methods Nietzsche believes that our actions and values are formed based on our physiological structure, and behind the ethics and logic of metaphysical thinking, there are certain values that are only necessary for certain forms of life. Therefore, Nietzsche views physiology in its general sense. Therefore, Nietzsche views physiology in its general sense. A part of Nietzsche's genealogical method, along with his psychological or etymological studies, is his attempt to decipher the physiological meaning of various phenomena. Nietzsche's attack on the problem of morality in Christianity in the form of slave morality, which is also a reactionary morality, reveals the disease of nihilism of the new era, in which among humans who do not enjoy physical health, such as those who suffer from the lack of bodily structure, or from the lack of understanding of rational knowledge. They suffer, he looks. Nietzsche embarks on a wide exposure of Western metaphysical thought from the point of view to practice in order to clarify the various and dark aspects of this nihilism in the individual and social sphere. In terms of research methodology, this article is based on the methodology of Nietzsche's thinking, that is, genealogy. Results and Discussion In Nietzsche's thinking, by returning to nature, the body returns to the field of human knowledge. From Nietzsche's point of view, the body, as a Great Reason centered on the will directed to power, is the main field of passions, instincts and desir
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