تأملی در چشم اندازهای آرمان شهری در اندیشه بنیان گذاران جامعه شناسی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تفکر پیرامون جامعه مطلوب و اندیشه های آرمان شهری بیانگر نوعی نیاز فکری در جهت اصلاح جوامع و حرکت به سوی وضعیتی بهتر بوده است. خط سیر تحولات فکری جوامع در مورد شکل گیری و معرفی جامعه های مطلوب و تغییر ماهوی آن در دو سده اخیر در ظهور تفکر جامعه شناختی و علم جامعه شناسی مبین نوعی همپایگی دیرپای جوامع و اندیشه های پیرامون آن از یکسو و رشد و تکامل این اندیشه ها تا زمان حاضر بوده است. اندیشمندان اولیه جامعه شناسی در طی قرن نوزدهم و اوایل قرن بیستم متأثر از فضاهای سیاسی و اجتماعی و ریشه های تفکر آرمان شهری در دوره های قبلی هرکدام به نحوی به جامعه موردنظر خود پرداخته اند. این مقاله باهدف شناسایی عناصر مهم جامعه مطلوب در آثار و اندیشه های آن ها به روش مرور تحلیلی تلاش دارد تا نوعی ارتباط بین تفکر آرمان شهرگرایی و جامعه شناسی را در ابتدای شکل گیری آن موردبررسی قرار دهد. شواهد و نتایج نشان می دهد نوعی اشتراک قوی بین دغدغه های جامعه شناسان و آرمان شهرخواهی در پایان قرن نوزدهم وجود دارد، بنابراین می توان نتیجه گرفت که اندیشه های اولیه جامعه شناسی دارای یک عنصر پنهان آرمان شهری در بطن خود بوده است.A reflection on utopian perspectives in the thought of the founders of sociology
Thinking about an ideal society shows an intellectual need to reform societies and move towards a better situation. The trajectory of intellectual developments in societies regarding the formation and introduction of desirable societies and the emergence of sociology in the last two centuries has shown a meaningful relationship between societies and the growth and evolution of these ideas until the present time. Early sociologists during the 19th and early 20th centuries, influenced by the political and social spaces and the roots of utopian thinking in the previous periods, defined their desired society in a different way. With the aim of identifying the important elements of the ideal society in their works and thoughts, this article analyzes the relationship between utopianism and sociology at the beginning of its formation. The evidence and results show that there is a strong commonality between the concerns of sociologists and utopianism at the end of the 19th century, so it can be concluded that the early thoughts of sociology had a hidden utopian element. Keywords: utopia, ideal society, sociological thinking, founders of sociology, analytical review. Extended 1.Introduction: The intellectual developments of societies regarding the introduction of ideal societies and the emergence of sociology have shown a kind of long-term relationship between societies and the evolution of ideas around them until now. Describing sociology as an evolutionary stage of utopian thinking often contains implicit and sometimes explicit ideas of a "good society". Despite the differences between classical sociologists such as Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel, they all have one thing in common: they place the utopian dimension at the heart of social theory. In this article, we attempt to identify the views of early sociologists on the topic of the ideal society and to identify their opinions from theoretical aspects related to the dimensions of the ideal society. Methodology: The method of this study is an analytical review in which, while examining and systematically comparing the views of classical sociologists on the subject of the ideal society, their important opinions are discussed. Findings: The goal of the San Simon community is the free development of human talents. The main components of the government considered by him are as follows: industrial society model, compliance with moral principles, cooperation and cooperation, wealth-producing class, private property, liberalism, abolition of inheritance rights, and equality. After him, Comte considered the scientific age as his ideal society and considered scientists and sociologists to be the leaders of this society. In his various works, Marx focused on the realization of the ideal communist society through the explicit invitation of the working class to rise against capitalism. The idea of the complete abolition of private property and the elimination of class contradictions has appeared many times in his works. According to him, the most important feature of human life in a class society is alienation, and communism is prone to creating an ideal society because it fully recognizes human freedom. For Spencer, the ideal society is a society in perfect balance, which can only be achieved by removing all restrictions and stopping government interference in human societies. In fact, Spencer hoped for a completely free utopia in the future. Durkheim’s book The Divider also contains a picture of a good society. He does this by juxtaposing the morbid reality of society with the utopian possibility that emerges as normal. As a result, the natural and abnormal idea that he brings to the book has a utopian nature. Durkheim’s other concept in the context of an ideal society is the issue of organic solidarity at the global level. Durkheim notes that people have long dreamed of realizing the ideal of human brotherhood, and these dreams can only be fulfilled if all human beings can form a
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