بازخوانی گفتمان تاب آوری اجتماعات محلی، مدل محله تاب آور با اتکا بر عرصه اجتماعی-فضایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تمرکز بر تعریف جوامع محلی تاب آور، ظرفیت های نهادی و انطباقی، مهارت ها، انرژی و منابع را در اختیار افراد، نهادها و گروه های محلی قرار می دهد. با وجود اهمیت مفهوم تاب آوری، بررسی آن به صورت یک پدیده چندوجهی در اجتماعات محلی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش اعمال تفکر تاب آوری در عرصه اجتماعی-فضایی محله های شهری و ارائه مدل محله تاب آور از منظر اجتماعی-فضایی از طریق مروری تحلیلی-توصیفی بر ادبیات نظری موجود است. در این راستا، روش شناسی در چهارچوب پارادایم تفسیرگرایی در دو گام مرور نظام مند مطالعات و استخراج منابع اصلی (35 سند) و تحلیل محتوای کیفی هدایت شده با رویکرد استقرایی استفاده شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد که در مدل اجتماعات محلی تاب آور سه لایه یا سطح قابل شناسایی است: لایه فوقانی یا سطح اول شامل سیستم مدیریتی-نهادی و دربردارنده عوامل توانمندکننده اجتماعات محلی است و وظایف تصمیم سازی و قاعده مندسازی در این لایه جریان دارد. این سطح با سطح زیرین خود، یعنی لایه مرکزی، که ناظر بر ظرفیت ها و پتانسیل های اجتماعات است و وظیفه ارائه خدمات عمومی با هدف حمایت و حفاظت در برابر بحران را بر عهده دارد، در تعامل نزدیک است. سطح زیرین نیز بستر کالبدی-فضایی سطوح فوق را ایجاد می کند و شامل عناصر و اجزای محیطی و الگو های فضایی و یا نمود عینی اجتماع محلی است. مضامین سه گانه شامل ظرفیت بسیج شوندگی، ظرفیت تجربه پذیری و ظرفیت نقش پذیری محله در کلیه سطوح مذکور برقرارند و از طریق مقوله های دوازده گانه بیان شده، در سیکلی رفت و برگشتی، جریان هرچه تاب آورتر شدن اجتماعات محلی را بازتولید می کند.Reviewing the discourse of resilience of local communities, the resilient neighborhood model with the emphasis on the social-spatial sphere
Introduction The focus is on defining resilient communities as local institutional and adaptive capacities, skills, energy and resources that empower local individuals and groups to take control of their communities to determine how to build strong, healthy and vibrant communities in which people are proud to live. Local communities, as the cells of urban life, are part of the spatial organization of the city that have the ability to be identified socio-culturally. Values such as social trust, social solidarity and social integration are seen as internal capacities and hidden wealth in urban local communities. Despite the efforts made, the lack of deep clarity in the conceptualization of local community resilience is one of the main reasons for the confusion about related concepts, so that it can be said that to date, a comprehensive model of local community resilience that includes the functioning of all physical and socio-economic components from the immediate impact to the recovery phase in the face of a crisis has not been available, or clarifying the concept and operationalizing the mechanisms that lead to increasing the capacity of the local community for resilience has been ignored, and until there is a correct and accurate understanding of the concept, it is not possible to move towards operationalizing it in the real city context. This research gap emphasizes the innovative aspect of the upcoming study. Therefore, the need to address this issue in order to make human settlements as sustainable as possible is felt more than ever. The aim of this article is to apply resilience thinking in the social space of urban neighborhoods and to present a resilient neighborhood model from a social perspective through a descriptive-analytical review of theoretical literature. In this regard, the main questions are posed as follows: What dimensions does a rigorous definition of a resilient local community cover? And what are the themes, categories, and levels of the resilient urban neighborhood model in its social space?Theoretical frameworkThis research, which aims to apply resilience thinking in the social space of urban neighborhoods and present a resilient neighborhood model from a social perspective through a descriptive-analytical review of theoretical literature, seeks to answer the first question, namely, what dimensions does a rigorous definition of a resilient local community cover? After reviewing studies in this field, and considering that it seems that three general categories of definitions can be identified; Definitions regarding the process of resilience, definitions regarding the neutralization of adverse effects and the ability to maintain sustainable performance, and definitions that address the range of characteristics of resilient communities provide the following definition: "By understanding resilience as a process, local community resilience can be introduced as an integrated framework including interactions between enabling factors (citizens, institutions, public attention and government support) and capacities (such as coping, adaptation and providing solutions) that are current at different levels. In fact, local community resilience is defined as the ability of a community to resist crises or disruptions, which emphasizes variables related to leadership, collective efficacy, attachment to place, preparedness, learning and social trust. The local community as a whole must effectively cope with adversity and learn from it."MethodologyIn order to achieve the main objective of the research, the methodology is followed in two main steps; A systematic review of the studies conducted as the first step, for a descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of these studies, including the process of publication and temporal and geographical distribution and extraction of the main sources to conduct a qualitative content analysis as the second step. The PRISMA method was used for a systematic review of the studies conducted due to the clarity of the steps and a more detailed examination. In response to the main research question and within the framework of the interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative content analysis method guided by an inductive approach was used. This analysis was carried out in 4 stages including summarization, coding, classification and discovery of themes.Result and DiscussionA descriptive analysis of all studies conducted in the field of local community resilience shows that after a steady trend from the beginning, resilience theories have been raised more seriously in 2015. This increasing trend continues at a very high speed until it reaches its peak between 2020 and 2022. This period coincides with the onset of the global pandemic, and the resurgence of ideas related to local soft governance and micro-planning in self-sufficient and autonomous neighborhoods and resilient communities. Also, in the two-phase search that was conducted (1993-2015 and 2016-2024), the graphs show that in addition to the multiplicity of links in the second period, in the latter period, the multiplicity of keywords used has grown significantly and has generally shifted from general and general areas such as individuals, adults, parents, infrastructure, green space and the like, towards more specialized micro-areas such as environmental psychology, spatial poverty, vulnerable groups, racial and minority issues and gender, local governance, environmental perception, mental disorders, well-being, coping behavior, environmental violence, etc.ConclusionIn the presented model, 3 layers or levels can be identified, the first level includes the management-institutional system and includes the factors that empower local communities, and decision-making and regulation tasks occur in this layer. This level interacts closely with its lower level, the central layer, which oversees the capacities and potentials of communities and is responsible for providing public services with the aim of supporting and protecting against crises. The lower level also creates the physical-spatial context of the above levels and includes environmental elements and components and spatial patterns or the objective manifestation of the local community. The three themes of mobilization capacity, experience capacity, and role-taking capacity are established in all the aforementioned levels and are expressed through the 12 categories stated, in a round-trip cycle.
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