نقش آفرینی ایران در منطقه ژئوپلیتیکی شرق پیرامونی کشور با تاکید بر افغانستان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اهمیت ژئوپلیتیکی افغانستان، عمدتا متاثر از دو پدیده مهم است، "تغییر ماهیت روابط و سیاست بین المللی و جامعه جهانی نسبت به این کشور" و "دگرگونی بنیاد ساختارهای ذهنی و سیاسی در داخل آن" از جمله این اهمیت محسوب می شوند و براساس این تغییرات همواره قدرت های منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در راستای اهداف و منافع خود سعی در نقش آفرینی در منطقه ژئوپلیتیکی شرق پیرامونی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و کشور افغانستان دارند. با توجه به اهمیت تحولات افغانستان، پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و کاربردی (عملی)، نقش آفرینی ایران در منطقه ژئوپلیتیکی شرق کشور با تاکید بر افغانستان را مورد مطالعه قرار می دهد. جامعه آماری تحقیق را کلیه کارشناسان و استادان دانشگاه و حوزه های مرتبط با ژئوپلیتیک، ژئواستراتژیک و ژئوکالچر تشکیل می دهند که حجم نمونه آن براساس مدل کوکران تعداد 50 نفر تعیین شد. در راستای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته ها نیز از آزمون میانگین در نَرم افزار spss استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که نقش آفرینی ایران در منطقه ژئوپلیتیکی شرق پیرامونی خود با تاکید بر افغانستان، تابع عوامل و متغیرهای مربوطه در سه سطح داخلی، منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای «جهانی» خواهد بود و بیشترین میزان این نقش آفرینی شامل عوامل فرامنطقه ای می باشد و همچنین عواملی نظیر دستاوردهای ایران در زمینه حل اختلافات هیدروپلیتیکی با کشور افغانستان، دستاوردهای ایران در زمینه احداث منطقه آزاد چابهار، دستاوردهای ایران در زمینه گسترش زبان فارسی در افغانستان و نقش آفرینی های ایران در زمینه جلوگیری از گسترش ایدئولوژی سلفی کشورهای عربی نظیر عربستان، بیشترین دستاوردها را برای ایران در شرق پیرامونی خود به همراه خواهد داشت.Iran's Role-playing in the Geopolitical Region of the Peripheral East of the Country with Emphasis on Afghanistan
Introduction
One of the centers of regional crisis is Afghanistan in the east of Iran. This country has common cultural, social, religious and political structures with Iran, but due to the weakness of political structures, it has been the center of geopolitical competition of regional and global powers. Due to its geographical proximity on the one hand and the competition of the powers, it is one of the geopolitical regions that can have many effects on Iran's regional actions. Therefore, Iran is bound to play a geopolitical role in this region. One of the most important reasons for the importance of Iran's role in the East, especially in today's Afghanistan, is activities of the groups that are religiously sympathetic to the Taliban. Therefore, national interests require Iran to prevent these groups from approaching radicalism through regional de-escalation. During the sanctions period, the Afghan market is one of the main markets for Iran's exports, the dependence of Sistan and Baluchistan province in eastern Iran on Hirmand River can be better achieved by maintaining the relationship with the Taliban, and finally, being present in Afghanistan prevents the country from turning into the backyard of Iran's regional and extra-regional rivals.
Methodology
The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytic in terms of method and nature. Data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The statistical population of the research consists of experts and professors of the university and fields related to geopolitics, geostrategy and geoculture, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's model of 50 people. In order to analyze the findings, the average test was used in SPSS software.
Results and discussion
The factors of Iran's role-playing in the geopolitical region of the East with an emphasis on Afghanistan are subject to relevant factors and variables at three internal, regional and extra-regional "global" levels. In this context, the ambiguous future indicators of power in Afghanistan and Iran's capabilities in playing its role, ethnic diversity in Afghanistan and the Pashtuns' role in power and the roles played by the Islamic Republic with regard to its civilizational characteristics in Afghanistan and playing a role, the Islamic Republic of Iran is considered as one of the main and most important factors in the geopolitical region of the East in terms of building universities and scientific centers in Afghanistan and Pakistan and producing knowledge and increasing general literacy in Afghanistan, and the influencing factors. The role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the fields of increasing the construction of cultural bases such as Basij, seminaries, knowledge centers and cultural centers, etc. is prominent. Preventing illegal immigration on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan has not been successful. In the context of evaluating Iran's role-playing achievements in the direction of securing the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the East, 12 indicators were presented, and the results showed that factors such as Iran's achievements in solving hydropolitical disputes with Afghanistan, Iran's achievements in the construction of the Chabahar Free Zone, Iran's achievements in the field of spreading the Persian language in Afghanistan and Iran's roles in preventing the spread of the Salafist ideology of Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia are the most achievements for Iran in the East, and finally factors such as Iran's role in preventing the transit of narcotics on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan and Iran's role in preventing arms smuggling in the borders of the peripheral east are not considered as the achievements of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the peripheral east.
Conclusions
The results showed that Iran's role-playing in the geopolitical region of its peripheral east, with an emphasis on Afghanistan, will be subject to relevant factors and variables at three internal, regional and extra-regional "global" levels, and the greatest share of this role-playing includes extra-regional factors. Also, factors such as Iran's achievements in the field of settling hydropolitical disputes with Afghanistan, Iran's achievements in the field of establishing the Chabahar Free Zone, Iran's achievements in the field of spreading the Persian language in Afghanistan and Iran's roles in preventing the spread of Salafist ideology in Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia will bring the most achievements for Iran in its peripheral east.
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