مقایسه میزان تاثیرپذیری چهارعنصر از گلستان در ویژگی های زبانی و ادبی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
«چهار عنصر» بیدل دهلوی به پیروی از سبک سعدی در گلستان به رشته تحریر درآمده است. روش بیدل در هر یک از فصل ها همان روش سعدی یعنی آمیختگی نظم و نثر است. از نظر زبانی بیدل از واژه های بازاری و عامیانه بیشتر استفاده کرده و در واژه سازی موفق بوده است. نگارندگان در این پژوهش می کوشند ضمن معرفی ساختار چهار عنصر، این اثر را در دو بخش زبانی و ادبی با گلستان سعدی مقایسه کنند. نتایج پژوهش که به روش تحلیل محتوا انجام شده است، نشان می دهد، چهار عنصر سرشار از آرایه های لفظی و معنوی است. وجود انواع سجع و به تبع آن موازنه، موسیقی کلام را غنا بخشیده، آن را شعرگونه ساخته و از این نظر تا حدود زیادی به نثر گلستان نزدیک کرده است. از نظر زبانی، با وجود پیچیدگی ها و دشواری های نثر چهار عنصر، در سرتاسر این اثر لغات نامانوس و غریب - جز چند واژه و اصطلاح هندی- مشاهده نمی شود. از مختصات سبکی و نوآوری بیدل در چهار عنصر ترکیبات خاص اوست که در ایجاز کلام بسیار مؤثر بوده است.Comparing the effectiveness of Char Onsor of Golestan in linguistic and literary features
the Charonsor (four elements) of Bidel Dehlavi was written in Golestan following Saadi's style, Bidel's method in each of the chapters is the same as Saadi's method, i.e. mixing verse and prose. In terms of language, Bidel has used more market and slang words and has been more successful in making them real. In this research, the authors try to introduce the structure of the Charonsor of this work and compare it with Golestan in two linguistic and literary sections. The results of the research, which is carried out by the method of content analysis, show that the Charonsor are rich in verbal and spiritual arrays, the presence of different types of saj' and, accordingly, the balance, enriched the music of speech and made it poetic, and from this point of view, about It is very close to the prose of Golestan. In terms of language, despite the complexities and difficulties of the prose of the Charonsor, there are no unfamiliar and strange words - except for a few Indian words and expressions - throughout this work. One of Bidel's stylistic coordinates and innovation in the Charonsor is special combinations that have been very effective in creating words. Introduction By writing Golestan, Saadi presented a rhythmic prose which has remained unchanged for centuries and encourages everyone to compose a work in the style of Sheikh Shiraz. Some of these works were written directly under the influence of Golestan and some indirectly. One of the them that has reached the style of Golestan outside of Iran is Chahar Onsar Bidel Dehlavi. Bidel discovered the four elements in 1116 AH. By referring to verses, narrations and poems, he wrote it based on Golestan's method. Based on Bahar's classification in stylistics, Bidel's prose belongs to the period between the 10th and 13th centuries of Hejri. Bahar lists the stylistic features of this period as follows: “In Iran and India, general prose and scientific books were written in a simple and fluent prose, and perhaps they were inferior to the Timurid Era in their quality and lack of sophistication; however, technical prose was not forgotten. To show their knowledge, the court clerks and educated people imitated Zafarnameh and Wasaf. What is similar between the prose Safavid era and that of the old prose in the technical prose is the rhythm and poetic complexities causing difficulty in understanding. The content is lost in the hands of the reader” (Bahar, 1373, Vol. 171:3). 1.1. Research methodology Using content analysis and using library sources, the researchers first extracted the linguistic features of Golestan and Chahar Onsor at the lexical and syntactic level and compared their frequency in the two prose. They examine the degree of success or failure of Bidel in creating a work in the style of Golestan. In the following section, the literary features and the quality of the visualizing the four elements, weaknesses and innovations of Bidel are compared with those of Golestan. Discussion Golestan is one of the most valuable prose works of the 7th century. This educational work is written with melodious prose, mixed with order and various innovative techniques. Before Saadi, some writers decorated their words with melody and mixed both verse and prose, but none of them succeeded in this style of writing, and their work does not have the tenderness of Saadi's prose, because Saadi has verbal embellishments. His prose is called easy and restrained. Saadi's writing style in Golestan caused the attention of prose writers to turn to Golestan centuries later and make it a model for their writing" (Khatibi, 599: 1383). In the prose of Golestan, there is no sign of rhetoric, phrasing, exaggeration of phrases and poems, verses and idiomatic expressions. In it, Saadi has used many stylistic elements in perfect moderation. These features have caused his prose to be widely imitated inside and outside of Iran. Four Elements of Bidel is one of these works that was written in the Indian subcontinent in the style of Golestan. In stylistics, Bahar has listed some features for Golestan, the criteria for comparing the four elements will be these features. In the topic of non-Persian words, referring to Moein dictionary, the national identity of the word is determined. Saadi pondered in the prose of the past and rejected everything that he thought was unnecessary and useless, and everything that he found useful and necessary, he put into practice. What he added from himself was first order and proportion and diversity, second priority of essential over non-essential, third respecting the reader's mood, fourth respecting the relations between prose and order, fifth respecting the rhythm of words, sixth respecting brevity and brevity, seventh respecting the words in terms of eloquence and leaving the combinations of demanding words and archaic words that hinder eloquence, and eighth is observing politeness and politeness" (Bahar, 1373, vol.3:125). Conclusion Bidel's Four Elements is among the works that were written under the influence of Golestan's prose, Bidel tried to go step by step with Saadi works in many aspects. The use of Arabic, slang, and taboo words can be seen in this work. The most important syntactic feature of this work is the omission of the verb, in which Bidel is close to Saadi's style and context. In terms of word formation, Bidel has succeeded and in four elements, 430 words with various grammatical constructions are seen, which have not been similar in Persian language before, part of the difficulty of Bidel's prose is related to these words. At the literary level, the use of sajja, original verbal crafts such as marriage, which is based on sajja, has given a special flourish to the music of Kalam, and in this section, four elements have been developed according to Golestan. From the point of view of the science of expression, the use of recognition, simile and metaphor is frequent. Beadle's metaphors are more of the Mekaniye type. These metaphors are new and original and do not match with the classical criteria, so the reader has difficulty in understanding the meaning of the expressions. The shortcomings and defects of the four elements are evident in two parts. First the structure of the stories and second the number of poems which are included in the text. 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