تبیین جامعه شناختی رابطه هوش فرهنگی و مدارای اجتماعی بین قوم بلوچ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر، رابطه میان هوش فرهنگی و مدارای اجتماعی را بررسی کرده است. این تحقیق به روش کمی و به شیوه پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، تمام شهروندان بالای 15 سال قوم بلوچ در استان سیستان و بلوچستان اند که به شیوه نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای، 400 نفر از آنان انتخاب و پرسش نامه بین آنان توزیع شد. برای جمع آوری داده ها از پرسش نامه استاندارد هوش فرهنگی ارلی و انگ[1] (2003) و برای مدارای اجتماعی، از پرسش نامه ای استفاده شد که قبلاً در تحقیقات بهشتی و رستگار (1391) و بهشتی و همکاران (1398) از آن استفاده شده بود. برای تحلیل داده های تحقیق از نرم افزار SPSS و نیز مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری واریانس محور با نرم افزار Smart PLS استفاده شده است. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد سطح هوش فرهنگی جامعه آماری بالاتر از سطح متوسط، ولی مدارای اجتماعی پایین تر از سطح متوسط است. میزان مدارای اجتماعی و هوش فرهنگی بین زنان و مردان تفاوتی ندارد. هوش فرهنگی اثری استاندارد به شدت 0.509بر مدارای اجتماعی دارد و حدوداً 26درصد از واریانس متغیر مدارای اجتماعی را تبیین می کند. در واقع کسانی که بیشتر امکان انطباق با دیگر فرهنگ ها را دارند و مایل به پذیرفتن دیگران با ویژگی های متفاوت اند، بهتر با دیگران سازگاری دارند و در تعاملات خود جانب مدارا را رعایت می کنند. [1] Earley and AngSociological Explanation of the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Social Tolerance among Baloch People
Introduction
In recent years, the concept of cultural intelligence has emerged as a significant framework for understanding the skills and abilities necessary for successful interactions in a globalized world. Ang and Early (2003) define cultural intelligence as an individual's capacity to effectively engage with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Similarly, Rose and Naresh (2008) describe it as the ability to adapt to unfamiliar cultural environments. Research demonstrates that immigrants often encounter challenges when adapting to new cultural surroundings, leading to issues, such as cultural conflicts and shock. This difficulty in adaptation can result in personal stress and hinder social integration. While some individuals effortlessly adjust their behaviors to fit new cultural contexts, others face obstacles that give rise to clashes and tensions, underscoring the significance of social tolerance. Tolerance plays a crucial role in addressing prejudices, fundamentalism, and conflicts, particularly in regions like Iran characterized by diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Baloch people as an indigenous Iranian ethnicity residing in the southeastern part of Iran present an interesting case. Their religious differences from the majority of Iranians, as well as their proximity to Pakistan and increased interactions with that country, prompted the authors of this research to examine the extent to which cultural intelligence, as an individual's ability to adapt to other cultures, could influence the social tolerance of this population.
Materials & Methods
The present study employed a quantitative survey methodology to collect data. The target population consisted of individuals aged 15 years and above residing in the Baloch regions of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, which had a total population of 961,929 according to the 2015 census. To determine the sample size, Morgan's sampling table was utilized, resulting in a sample size of 384 individuals with a 5% margin of error. However, to ensure accuracy, 400 questionnaires were distributed. The research utilized a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The data collection instrument consisted of a questionnaire divided into two sections. The first section focused on social tolerance and drew items from previous studies (Beheshti and Rostgar, 2012; Beheshti et al., 2018). The second section addressed cultural intelligence and employed Lin's standard cultural intelligence questionnaire. All items in the questionnaire were rated on a Likert scale with 5 response options. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed through the Average Variance of Extracted (AVE) and factor loadings, while the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed that social tolerance levels within the statistical sample were lower than the average spectrum, while cultural intelligence and its four dimensions demonstrated higher average responses compared to the spectrum. This difference was confirmed by the significant results of the T-test. Furthermore, the average social tolerance was lower than the spectrum average, a trend observed not only in the sample, but also in the broader statistical population with a high level of confidence. The t-test results for the two independent groups indicated that there was no significant disparity between men and women in terms of social tolerance, suggesting that the average cultural intelligence between genders was not significantly different.
The research focused on social tolerance as the dependent variable, which was measured using a reflective measurement model. The SRMR index of 0.086 indicated that the assumed model aligned well with the research data. The F square coefficient (F2) of 0.348 represented the average effect size of the model. The beta value indicated that a one-unit change in the standard deviation of cultural intelligence resulted in a 0.509 change in that of social tolerance, indicating a positive relationship. The adjusted coefficient (R2 adjusted) was calculated at 0.257, suggesting that 25.7% of the variance in social tolerance could be attributed to cultural intelligence. Overall, the study demonstrated that higher cultural intelligence was associated with increased social tolerance towards diverse groups and issues. The results underscored the importance of enhancing cultural intelligence to address social problems arising from intolerance and lack of understanding, ultimately fostering greater unity among individuals.
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