جستاری در شناخت بازتاب فضایی عملکرد بازیگران سیاسی در چارچوب مکتب پدیدارشناسی هرمنوتیک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در علوم جغرافیایی، شناخت چگونگی اثرگذاری بازیگران سیاسی در فضای جغرافیایی یکی از موضوعاتی است که تفسیر آن در مکاتب مختلف ازجمله در مکتب پدیدارشناسی متفاوت است. مکتب پدیدارشناسی ازجمله مکاتب فرا اثبات گرا است که به ویژه در دوره ی معاصر رشد قابل توجهی در مطالعات جغرافیایی و به ویژه در شناخت رابطه ی سیاست و فضا یافته است. پدیدارشناسی از ناقدان مدرنیسم به شمار می رود و هرگونه افتراق بین ذهنیت و فضا را مردود می شمارد. در این پژوهش، کوشش گردیده با اتکا به روش توصیفی–تحلیلی کارکردهای شناختی مکتب پدیداری در رابطه با شناخت چگونگی کارکرد بازیگران سیاسی بر فضا ارائه گردد. یافته های تحقیق بیانگر آن است که تحولات پدیده ها و فرآیندهای موجود در فضای جغرافیایی تا حد زیادی از چارچوب های ذهنی و شهودی بازیگران تصمیم گیر متأثر بوده و دارای ویژگی های اختصاصی بوده و قابلیت تعمیم یابی ندارد. بر این مبنا تولید فضای جغرافیایی می تواند متأثر از احساسات، عواطف و ویژگی های شناختی بازیگران و اصحاب قدرت باشد و در جهت شناخت اثرات سیاست در تولید و بازساخت فضای جغرافیایی می بایست به ابعاد فردگرا و شهودی بازیگران سیاسی نیز توجه نمود. در این راستا یکی از سطوح مطالعات سیاست و فضای جغرافیایی می بایست مشتمل بر طبقه بندی تجربیات زیسته بازیگران سیاسی و شالوده شکنی نسبت به امر بازنمایی شده توسط آن ها و اثرات آن در تولید فضای جغرافیایی باشد.An Inquiry to Understand the Political Actors Function in geographic space within the framework of the phenomenological school
Introduction
In the geographic sciences, understanding how political actors are influenced by geographic space is one of the topics that have different interpretation in different schools of phenomenology. Phenomenology School is one of the trans-positivism schools, especially in the contemporary period, has found significant growth in geographic studies, and in particular in understanding the relationship between politics and space. Phenomenology is one of the critics of modernism and it denies any distinction between mentality and space. Phenomenology of Hermeneutics affects the origin of the design discovery and pays attention to the mentality of the political actor as a historical entity, because the decision maker's mindset model plays an important role in prioritizing and regulating relationships and activities in geographic space. This research attempts to present a new approach to explain the political actor’s performance for making the geographical space in the framework of phenomenology of Hermeneutics school.
Materials and Methods
This research is of fundamental type and the method of data collection in this library research and the method of information analysis are inferential. The study seeks to analyze the emergence of spatial changes due to the mental and intuitive aspects of political actors within the framework of the Phenomenology of Hermeneutics. In this regard, in order to achieve a scientific and universal theory in this study, the first attempt has been made to define the concept of geographic space within the framework of the phenomenological school and with the emphasis on the words of Martin Heidegger. Then with theoretical explanation of the function of actors on geographic space with the phenomenology of thought, a new perspective on the causes of the greater effect of this function is presented.
Discussion and Results
In general, the most important phenomenological functions in recognizing the function of political actors over geographic space are as follows:
1- Determining the competence of decision makers and their priorities in a distinct geographic location, including in one country. This process, in its content, has a fairly distinctly customizable chrome-based process and is in line with the perceptions of the political elements. So, a common destiny is created in accordance with the cognitive patterns of the companions of power in a realm and is part of the spatial processes arising from the mental-psychological world, conditions, cultures and interests of elites and decision-making forces that human beings and society which associated with them and have a historical dependence on them. Each political system based on the subjective priorities of the elite of power, the system of reward and punishment, is formed which rewards the behavior of individuals under their influence in order to maintain the system of value and semantics of the political system, and punishes the opposing behaviors. The same system of rewards and penalties deriving from the mindset of the elite of power leads to the emergence of relatively consistent behaviors and subjectivities in individuals and the preservation of social order. Therefore, the reality of human existence depends on unchecked data, partly as a result of the states and mental patterns of power actors.
2- The mental image and behavioral background of each person about environmental surroundings depends on education, learning and memories of that person. In this regard, decision-making priorities of politicians who play a significant role in changing geographic space are fully influenced by their intuitive background. In other words, the priorities of politicians and planners, especially in the individualized centralized system, will have a significant impact on how the space of a settlement changing. Because the political elites have, in many cases, an ultra-structured approach and, through structural control, implement their mental goals.
3- In methodology, in the phenomenology of the general principles of positivism, the knowledge of the pathway of experience has been rejected, and space is considered to be in contradiction to the concept of Cartesian abstract and absolute space. Therefore, part of the recognition of the geographical space is due to the geologist's position in the cosmos of the cosmopolitan world (political actors), because the power elites have the ability to manage part of the process of perceiving, excitement, and appearance in individuals. In addition, political actors are not merely an economic factor but a percentage of their identity and mind representations.
Conclusions
The spatial organization is responsible for the allocation and distribution of spatial phenomena, such as population, activity, resources, etc., which should be carried out by the sovereignty in order to establish spatial justice. It can be admitted that the culture and the cognitive framework governing the minds of the power companions provide the recognition of spatial phenomena for them, while at the same time placing them in a particular section of time and destiny. Therefore, the subjective knowledge of the political power community is very determinative in explaining space and creating spatial processes.
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