بررسی پیامدهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی سد خاکی با تأکید بر رضایت مندی ساکنان روستا مطالعه ی موردی روستای کمیز سبزوار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش، آثار و پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی سد کوچک خاکی روستای کمیز در بخش داورزن شهرستان سبزوار را بررسی می کند. احداث این نوع از سدها ضمن جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک، کاهش انتقال رسوبات به پشت سدهای بزرگ، کاهش خسارات وقوع سیلاب از اهمیت زیادی در تثبیت جمعیت، افزایش درآمد روستاها و تحقق عدالت اجتماعی برخوردار بوده و در ضمن با وضعیت جغرافیایی و اقلیمی ایران نیز سنخیت دارد. بنابراین در این پژوهش، پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی سد خاکی کمیز با تاًکید بر رضایتمندی روستائیان بهره بردار به عنوان یکی از نمونه های این نوع از سدها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش بررسی پیمایشی است. با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده، پاسخ به 34 سؤال 146 پرسش نامه کامل و بدون خدشه استخراج و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته های حاصل نشان می دهد که رضایت مندی پاسخ گویان از احداث سد در سطح متوسط به بالا است. هم چنین رابطه ی معنی دار و مثبتی بین میزان درآمد، تحصیلات و وسایل نقلیه ی پاسخ گو با میزان رضایت مندی از احداث سد وجود دارد؛ اما رابطه ی معنی داری بین میزان بازده محصول در هکتار و میزان آب مورد استفاده ی فرد از سد با رضایت مندی او وجود ندارد. به طورکلی این مطالعه نشان می-دهد که ایجاد این سد کوچک که ربع قرن قدمت دارد، مجموعاً اسباب افزایش درآمد و رونق کشاورزی و گسترش سطح زیرکشت آبی اراضی روستا را فراهم آورده است؛ اما نتوانسته در روند مهاجرت روستاییان از روستا تغییر محسوسی ایجاد نماید.Investigation of Socio-economic Consequences of Soil Dam through Focusing on Inhabitants Satisfaction: Case Study Village of Kamiz Sabzevar
Introduction
Regarding the climate of Iran, from past ages, extensive efforts have been made to curb surface waters through the establishment of strap and digging of the canals. In recent years, Iran has become one of the major producer countries of dam in the world. Surface water containment is carried out by constructing dams of varying sizes from large to medium and small, and sometimes even with a small earth dam, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Small soil dams (earth-bounded water), which are the subject of this research, are of great importance for adaptation to the wide variety of topography in Iran, climate conditions and the occurrence of small and numerous floods in different areas. The construction of these dams can help to reduce the potential losses of flooding and increase the income of villagers, in addition to increasing the amount of water crops, to the proper distribution of the population and the realization of social justice.
Materials and Methods
The study area is a rural village in the village of Kahe, Davarzan district of Sabzevar; this village has a pecking position in the range of Joghatai highlands with a semi-temperate climate with rainfall of about 155 mm, and its seasonal rivers are adjacent to it goes on. Most of the work was done by the villagers is agriculture, with its population of about 851 in 2009. The method used in this study is a survey method and a questionnaire was used to collect data. Samples were selected by random sampling method from among the total household superintendents. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 150 cases was estimated. Of these, finally, the responses were extracted from 146 questionnaires without compromising and complete in SPSS software and based on calculations and conclusions. A questionnaire was used to fill out a questionnaire in the village of Kamiz. A random sampling method was used.
Discussion and Results
First, in order to obtain general information in the questionnaire, questions were asked about how to make a living, age, education level, hours of using the dam and the amount of land cultivated. The results of answering these questions indicate that 60.3% of the respondents, the farmers and 28.1% of the respondents, the workers and the rest of the respondents, had other jobs in the sample. In terms of educational level, 1% are illiterate, 34.9% are literate at reading and writing, 11.6% primary, 41.1% are under the diploma and 11% are above the diploma.The evaluation of the hypotheses suggests that, with regard to the first hypothesis that "the creation of an impoverished dam would seem to be partly due to increased incomes in the agricultural and rural sectors," we can say that the results obtained from the responses of respondents who believe 96% of the dam has affected the agricultural flourishing, and 50% of the effect of the dam on the income of the villagers is confirmed largely. But the result of the second hypothesis test that "it is believed that the construction of an earth dam is not so influential on the process of reducing migration from the small village", is confirmed by those who answered the questions; in other words, there is no consensus on the positive impact of the dam on reducing migration from the village, and it has not clearly defined the role of the dam in reducing migration, so the hypothesis is confirmed.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the construction of this dam has increased the village's income. This increase in income has increased the level of people's welfare benefits. In the opinion of the people, the members of the council and village council, after the construction of the dam, the people of this village do not need seasonal migration to adjoining towns like the neighboring villages and there is work in the agricultural sector for people with low land and low income.
Based on the findings of the research, the construction of the dam did not have a significant effect on the decrease of the migration process from the village. This suggests the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the phenomenon of migration and the superior role of non-economic factors beyond the boundaries of the village. Another issue is that although this dam was built by the government and with the participation of the people of the village, it was forgotten after the construction by the state and the villagers felt less in need of management, and is abandoned by a promise to God. Management vacuum, lack of supervision over utilization and lack of investment in dam irrigation methods have led to dewatering, low water productivity and rural income reduction.
* Email: alireza.hamidian1337@yahoo.com
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