باید و نبایدهای منطق روستابودگی در ایران: کنکاشی بر گفتمان های روستاپژوهی در محافل علمی و دانشگاهی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بازنمایی خواسته های ساکنان روستایی یکی از مقتضیات فضای روشنفکری کشور در اعتراض به مدرنیته و بی نظمی های مربوط به آن در قبل و بعد از انقلاب اسلامی بوده است. با این اعتقاد که جامعه محلی باید جایگزین سیاست های رشد اقتصاد ملی شود و کسب و کارهای روستایی در مقوله ای مجزا و بدون دخالت دولت گسترش یابد. این دغدغه در حال حاضر با آموزه های جهانی شدن و دانش اقتصادی جدید مبنی بر اتکا به ظرفیت های درونی و توسعه ابتکارات محلی همزمان شده است. علی رغم روندهای عمومی ذکر شده، روستابودگی در ایران صرفا انعکاسی از هنجارهای یکنواخت جنبش روستایی و جریان های جهانی نبوده و تحت تاثیر انگیزه های هدفمند معانی مختلفی به خود گرفته است. درواقع، روستابودگی تابع معنای نمادین وایدئولوژیک شده و بجای اینکه به سمت تفویض اختیار و جلب مشارکت های مردمی حرکت کند در عمل دخالت دولت و تمرکزگرایی را به همان روال قبل در پیش روی خود می بیند. این پس زمینه از روستای ایرانی بواسطه تحلیل گفتمان از تحقیقات صورت گرفته در محافل علمی و دانشگاهی بدست آمده است. مقاله حاضر عناصر مشخصی از روستابودگی را ارائه می دهد که به عناصر جنبش روستایی و جریان های جهانی ضمیمه شده و منطق مقایسه/جبران (برقراری عدالت اجتماعی) را جایگزین هسته مرکزی جامعه محلی کرده و دست دولت را برای مداخله و سیاست گذاری باز گذاشته است. این مداخله هژمونیک -که در پیوند با هسته مرکزی مقایسه/ جبران می باشد- معانی جدیدی از روستابودگی را بوجود آورده که در ادامه به تفضیل شرح داده می شود.Dos and Don'ts of Rurality Logic in Iran: An Investigation on the Scientific and Academic Rural Studies Discourses
Introduction
The central focus of the research on rural research in the scientific and academic spheres of Iran has focused on the issue of displacement and population movements and the need to organize the population and to maintain the current pattern of dispersion of rural settlements for at least 40 years. In other words, how can we prevent urban migration? Namely that is the stabilization of the population and, consequently, the survival of rural settlements. This concern is the result of the intellectual movement that arose in the 1940s and 1950s against the irregularities of modernity in the country and brought with it a new idea of the concept of rurality. It must be returned to its lost past (non-manipulation of rural life and agriculture by external forces and decentralization of policies). It was considered an alternative model for rural settlements, in which "local communities replace national economic growth" and the people, culture and rural businesses growth evolve within the separate category from the process of modernization. The village was supposed to be defined in its own right and free from any interventionist policies - bureaucratic and scientific institutions. In the further reign of hegemony with a new trick, it also penetrated this sense and added its own sticker of rurality. In this respect, preserving and maintaining the plurality and distribution of rural settlements (preventing displacement and migration) was the closest target to the concerns of the rural movement and could replace the local community approach and fake it, and somehow with this excuse (salvation the rural community, and its liberation from deprivation,) will reproduce the lost power of bureaucratic devices and academic circles in rural areas in another way: Where any intervention would distort the principle of the village and the degradation of its intrinsic values such as nature, culture, customs, traditions, and most importantly the remnants of the foundations of the identity of the Iranian community. The purpose of this essay is to follow the importance of how the commonly used concepts of rural development in our rural studies are produced and constructed through various approaches to rural areas in the scientific and academic circles What Iranian academic atmosphere faced in relation to discourses rurality gaps in terms of research methodology?
Materials and Methods
Since the village in its latest trends in rural research literature has been likened to an area in which clusters of anti-discourse discourse attempt to impose their thinking and actions on others; we propose discourse analysis as an appropriate way to clarify the changes that have occurred in rural studies in Iran. However, a growing number of studies in recent years have shown that discourse analysis is one of the most effective methods for this effort.
Discussion and Results
In the country's discourses, the "establishment of justice" (that is, the rural community, which is appropriate to the urban community, has the opportunity to develop) is the core of the central. The signs that are fixed around this particular node are the rural domains that dominate our academic and academic circles. For example, by investigating the existing documents, including specialized books and novels, articles, proposals, newspapers, oral works and interviews, the domination of village discourses as "issues", "sources" and " an area for growth "was recognized in the history of rural research. This orientation creates a chain of "equivalence" logic, which is an expression of the principle of comparison / compensation. Due to the impact of rural spaces on global trends and the promotion of internal reliance-based approaches, it was expected that local sovereignty would be enhanced through local communities, but the local community was placed within government interventions and functioned in terms of symbolic meaning which was rurality. Indeed, through this hegemonic intervention and the central comparison / compensation axis, a different meaning of rurality was established in contrast to the efforts of the rural movement, and where it was necessary to delegate power to the people and local independence, it was actually promoting centralization and elimination of local people (something that is acknowledged by some rural researchers).
Conclusions
Rurality in Iran is not simply due to the abstractions resulting from the industrialization and urbanization culture with a poetic image, and the material and natural aspects of the excess of rural production and the flow of wealth and capital to the economy, and especially the cities, are also material. In total, the rurality has the mental-mindedness (symbolically attached to it by the state and the scientific circles), as well as the material (which is in the old form of production that is in the process of exploitation for the benefit of the national economy), within alternative discourse is identified and analyzed with the teachings of modernity (the lack of consideration of local people and their natural and cultural heritage).With the genealogy of this discourse, we find that the body of the majority of the villages of the urban and urban areas of Iran, which is notorious for rural life and without having to experience the inhabitants of the villages, have been subjected to mental recognition in a city of a remote and alien village called the village. And do not have enough awareness of local responses to external currents. If they have a rural root, they have somehow reacted unconsciously to suppress their rural roots. Hence, rural communities have been subjected to a series of tests and sequential errors in the field of science by professors, students, and experts, something that always places the least attention on the local culture of the people. In general, with the prediction of rural future by current patterns, emerging patterns that are currently underlined by academia and academia around the world are neglected and destructive capacities of local behavior are not considered at the micro level.
تبلیغات
