تحلیل روان شناختی شخصیت در داستان کوتاه «درخت گلابی» از گلی ترقی بر اساس نظریه اناگرام (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
واکاوی روان شناختی شخصیت های داستانی، زمینه را برای دستیابی به دیدگاه و نگرش نویسندگان ادبیات داستانی فراهم می کند و همچنین راه را برای شناخت صحیح شخصیت های داستانی هموار می سازد. نظریه روان شناسی اناگرام، یک تیپ شناسی نوین است که خلق و خوی انسان ها را در 9 تیپِ کمال گرا، امدادگر، موفقیت طلب، فردگرا، پژوهشگر، پرسشگر، خوش گذران، ریاست طلب و صلح طلب دسته بندی می کند. هدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی تطبیق پذیری شخصیت اصلی داستان «درخت گلابی» از مجموعه داستان «جایی دیگر» نوشته گلی ترقی با تیپ های نُه گانه اناگرام و همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل رفتار شخصیت اصلی بر مبنای الگوی اناگرام است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که غالب مؤلفه های رفتاری شخصیت اصلی داستان «درخت گلابی» با تیپ 5 (پژوهشگر) اناگرام مطابقت دارد و در برخی موقعیت ها، رفتارهای تیپ 4 (فردگرا) اناگرام را از خود به نمایش می گذارد و با الگوی اناگرام هم خوانی دارد و بر این اساس تحلیل پذیر است.Psychological Analysis of Character in the Short Story "The Pear Tree" by Goli Taraghi Based on Enneagram Theory
Psychological analysis of fictional characters provides the ground for achieving the perspectives and attitudes of fiction writers and paves the way to understanding fictional characters correctly. The psychological Enneagram theory is a new typology that categorizes the behavioral traits of human beings into 9 personality types: Reformer, Helper, Achiever, Individualist, Investigator, Loyalist, Enthusiast, Challenger, and Peacemaker. The main purpose of this research is to examine the adaptability of the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" from the collection of stories "Somewhere Else" written by Goli Taraghi, with the 9 types of Enneagram and also to analyze the behavior of the main character based on the Enneagram pattern. The results indicate that most of the behavioral components of the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" correspond to Type 5 (Investigator) of Enneagram, and in some situations, the behavior of Type 4 (Individualist) of Enneagram shows itself and is consistent with the Enneagram pattern and can be analyzed accordingly.Keywords: Characterization, Short story, The Pear Tree, Goli Taraghi, Enneagram. IntroductionThe psychological analysis of the character element in the story, in addition to obtaining the author's view, leads to the knowledge of the hidden angles of the story and leads the audience to a deeper understanding of fiction literature. Equating fictional characters with various theories of typology helps to analyze and identify their coordinates. The psychological theory of the Enneagram, which categorizes the behavioral characteristics of humans into 9 types, has been considered in the current research due to its universality and originality.On the other hand, examining the works of famous authors of fictional literature helps to clarify the position of this type of literature and also paves the way for knowing the achievements and shortcomings of its authors. The present article analyzes the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" based on the Enneagram model in order to, in addition to a deep understanding of the character, examine the degree of adaptability of the effect to the nine types of the Enneagram, and attempts to answer the question that the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" based on the Enneagram theory can be analyzed in what fields? and is the behavior pattern of the main character compatible with the nine types of the Enneagram? Literature ReviewBased on the research studies carried out, no research has been done on Goli Taraghi's works in the field of fictional character analysis, from the perspective of Enneagram psychological theory, and the present research is innovative from this point of view. Among the research studies carried out, we can mention the article "Analysis of the Archetypes of the Story Elsewhere by Goli Targhi" in which, the archetypes of self, anima and animus, travel, wise old man, mask, shadow, and the process of individuality and rebirth in the story "Somewhere Else" are analyzed and the researcher comes to the conclusion that the plot and characters of the story can be investigated based on Jung's theories (Hadadi, 2010: 147-170). in the article Ecocritical Study of the short story The Pear Tree written by Goli Taraghi, the researcher deals with ecological criticism and examines the relationship between man and nature and concludes that Goli Taraghi tries to redefine the role of nature and her own view in the story of The Pear Tree, and by using double contrasts and symbolism, considers the silent consciousness of nature superior to the modern intellectual consciousness, and looks at ecological nature and values it intrinsically (Niyazi, 1394: 113-127). In the research studies of Persian literature, the theory of Enneagram has been abandoned, and among the few articles presented, we can mention the article "A Psychological Analysis of the Personality Type of King in Masnavi’s Story of ‘King and Maid’ Based on the Model of Enneagram", in which the character of "King" is analyzed based on the Enneagram pattern and by citing evidence from the content of the story, the character of "King" is introduced in accordance with the 8th type of Enneagram pattern (ruler) (Rezaei, 1396: 169-192). MethodologyThis article is a descriptive-analytical research that deals with the analysis of the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" by Goli Taraghi based on Enneagram typology. After introducing the theory of the Enneagram, the researcher matched the main character of the story with the nine types of Enneagram based on the evidence available in the piece, in order to reach the psychological layers of the main character by analyzing the actions and reactions of the main character and helped to a deeper understanding of the events and plot of the story. DiscussionThe story "The Pear Tree" from the story collection "Somewhere Else" is one of the remarkable stories of Goli Taraghi. This story is about the importance of returning to oneself, introspection, and deep thinking. Since literature is the product of the human mind, there is a meaningful relationship between literature and psychology. In psychological criticism, by paying attention to the text and by looking at "symbols and forms of imagination and descriptions and deviations in the artist's language, it is possible to psychologically analyze the effect and understand the soul and mind of its creator." (Shamisa, 2014: 277).Enneagram psychological theory introduces nine personality types. Each type exhibits different behavioral traits. "The Enneagram determines what people of each personality type pay attention to and how they direct their energy and behavior" (Daniels and Price, 2015: 4) and also how they react to any situation.Sometimes, in addition to the usual behaviors of their dominant type, some people may display the behavioral characteristics of their side type in situations, which are called wings according to the number adjacent to the main type of each person. For example, for the dominant type 5, its side types, i.e. types 4 and 6, are considered wings. Therefore, "the wings divide the 9 main types into 18 types." (Pierce, 2017: 53).Through the analysis, the character of the "writer" was obtained based on the Enneagram pattern. The writer exhibits the behavioral characteristics of type 5 and his career is the most important proof of this claim. Type 5 is included in the thinker group, and the thinker group of Enneagram includes types 5, 6, and 7. In this group, type 5 is the type that gets too deep in thought. The writer is deep-thinking, curious, and detail-oriented due to his occupation and being a philosopher. Therefore, his dominant personality is type 5 Enneagram.On the other hand, he sometimes displays behaviors of type 4 Enneagram. His desire and pull towards a love that is far from his reach in adolescence is a characteristic of type 4. Type 4 is in the sentimental triad and is the type that avoids expressing their feelings and tries to express their feelings through art and creativity. The writer also uses his genius to create his works. In the table (1-3) the characteristic features of the writer are recorded. These traits correspond to the characteristics of the 4th and 5th Enneagram types and are mentioned separately for each type. Table (1-3): Bold characteristics of the "writer" personality according to enneagram typesThe bold characteristics of the "writer" personality that match the characteristics of the 5th type of EnneagramThe bold characteristics of the "writer" personality, which are consistent with the characteristics of the 4th type of Enneagram* Great desire to learn* Creative and innovative* Smart* In search of science and knowledge* Introverted* Thoughtful* Has limited interests* Explorer and curious* In search of solitude* Diligent* Focused* In search of individual independence* Analyzer* Absurdist* Unable to express emotions and control them strongly* Inclination to be useful* Sensitive spirit* Desire for unconventional love* * Attached to distant dreams* Creative and artist* Dreamer* Emotional* IntrovertedAs can be seen in the table, the dominant type of the main character in the story "The Pear Tree" is 5; because most of his moral traits are consistent with type 5 of Enneagram; but in some cases, it also shows the characteristics of type 4, so it is "written" type 5 with wing 4 Enneagram. ConclusionBy examining the story of The Pear Tree with the psychological theory of Enneagram, a deeper understanding of the main character of the story was obtained, the relationship between the actions and the main character was correctly explained, and the actions of the actor within the framework of the signified and signifiers of the story became logically understandable, and as a result, the plot of the story and its course of events were easily formed in the mind of the reader. Enneagram theory helped a lot to analyze the story and in this regard, the narrator of the story established a close relationship with the audience.Through the analysis, the type of the main character of the story was determined. Most of the attributes of "writer" are consistent with the 5th type of enneagram, and in some cases, it tends to the 4th type. Therefore, from the analysis, it can be concluded that the main character of the story "The Pear Tree" is adaptable based on the Enneagram theory and can be analyzed and explained accordingly.
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