ناپختگی حسام الدین؛ عامل اصلی تأخیر دفتر دوم مثنوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از چالش برانگیزترین موضوعات مثنوی معنوی، تأخیرِ به وجود آمده در سرودن دفتر دوم است. بسیاری از محققان به تبع افلاکی، فوت همسر حسام الدین و بی انگیزگی مولوی را از مهم ترین عوامل این تأخیر دانسته اند، اما برخی از محققان در این نظریه نه چندان معقول تشکیک کرده، نظرات ارزشمندی ارائه کرده اند. در این مقاله به روش تحلیلی- توصیفی به یکی از عوامل این تأخیر که مورد توجه قرار نگرفته، پرداخته شده است. پس از مرگ صلاح الدین، بعضی از امور مولوی و مریدان به حسام الدین واگذار می شود، اما بنا به دلایلی ایشان رسماً به عنوان خلیفه برگزیده نمی شود. حسام الدین با اصرار از مولوی درخواست داشته که خلیفگی او را رسماً اعلام کند، اما ظاهراً مولوی عجله ای برای چنین انتسابی ندارد. این تعلیق، رنجش حسام الدین را در پی داشته است. در ابیات پایانی دفتر اول، دلگیری و رنجش حسام الدین به اوج می رسد و ظاهراً مولوی او را از خود می راند. این جدایی و قهر، دو سال به طول می انجامد تا اینکه حسام الدین رسماً خلیفه مولوی می شود و کتابت دفتر دوم را از سر می گیرد. دلایل برون و درون متنی، این مطلب را تبیین و تأیید می کند.Immaturity of Hessam al-Din; The Main Reason Behind the Delay of the Second Book of Masnavi
One of the most challenging subjects of Masnavi-e Ma'navi is the delay in the writing of the second Book. Most of the researchers, following Aflaki, considered the death of Hessam al-Din's wife and the lack of motivation of Rumi as the most important factors of the delay. However,some researchers doubted this not very reasonable factor and presented valuable opinions. In this article, one of the factors of the delay, which has not been paid attention to, has been addressed in an analytical-descriptive way. After Salah al-Din's death, some of the affairs of Rumi and his disciples were handed over to Hessam al-Din, but due to some reasons, he was not officially chosen as Caliph. Hessam al-Din persistently requested Rumi to officially announce his caliphate. But apparently, Rumi is in no hurry for such an assignment. This suspension caused resentment of Hessam al-Din. In the final verses of the first book, Hessam al-Din's sadness and resentment reaches its peak and Rumi apparently drives him away. This separation and anger lastedfor two years until Hessam al-Din officially became the Caliph of Rumi and resumed the writing of the second book. Extratextual and intratextual reasons explain and confirm this matter.Keywords: Delay, Hessam al-Din, Caliph, Masnavi, Rumi. IntroductionOne of the major and debatable issues about Masnavi is the break created in the compilation of the second book. In this article, one of the most important reasons for this issue has been addressed, and with an analytical-descriptive method, relying on Masnavi and with a hermeneutic view, the opening verses of the second book and the final verses of the first book, in line with the existing hypothesis, are discussed and investigated. Literature ReviewA part of most of the books written about Masnavi or Rumi is devoted to the issue of delaying Masnavi after the first book. In addition, articles have been written in the same field in recent times. At a glance, these sources can be divided into two categories.A: Sources that have accepted and repeated Aflaki's opinion:Aflaki considered the most important reason for the delay of the Masnavi to be the death of the wife of Hessam al-Din (writer of Masnavi) and Rumi's mental illness (Aflaki, 1385, 2: 743-744). Famous scholars accepted Aflaki's opinion or quoted it as if they accepted his opinion. Among others, (Nicholson, 1386: 522, Shebli Na’mani, 1375: 88, Forouzanfar, 1376: 107, Golpinarli, 1374: 59 and 1374, 1: 24, Shahidi, 1375: 4: 298 and Vol. 5: 6, Zarinkoob, 2012: 214 and 2014: 224) and... can be mentioned.B: Researchers who do not accept Aflaki's opinion:Karim Zamani (Zamani, ibid: 282-283) Shamisa, (Shamisa, 2011: 380)Reza Rohani (Rohani, 1390: 141) and Kheirollah Mahmoudi (Mahmodi, 1383: 146) also do not accept Aflaki's opinion and have put forward other reasons. DiscussionIt seems that the reason for the delay and the re-composition of the Masnavi both lie in the behavior of Hessam al-Din. Therefore, at the beginning of writing the second book, the grudge that Rumi had against Hessam al-Din was resolved or the request that Hessam al-Din had from Rumi was fulfilled. Extra-textual and intra-textual reasons show this hypothesis.3.1. Extratextual Reasons3-1-1- The opposition and enmity of Rumi’s close ones with Hessam al-Din: There are many pieces of evidence that among Rumi’s close ones, there were those who were jealous of Hessam al-Din and did not accept his caliphate. One of the most famous envious of Hessam al-Din was Fatemeh Khatun, the daughter of Salah al-Din Zarkoub and the wife of Sultan Valad (son of Rumi).3-1-2- The incomplete age of Hessam al-Din according to Molavi. Because Hessam al-Din had not yet reached the age of fortyIn-Text ReasonsRumi’s Masnavi is one of the first types of interpretable texts of Persian poetry and unlike some texts, it is not monophonic. Therefore, following the principles, it is possible to provide different interpretations of many of its verses and anecdotes. With a hermeneutic approach, we analyze the last verses of the first book and the beginning verses of the second book, which are more consistent with our hypothesis. Although we know that there have been other interpretations of these verses and we believe that they are capable of other interpretations as well.Rumi’s lack of motivation in composing Masnavi should be found at the end of the first book. which says:Oh, alas, two mouthfuls were eaten,and thereby the ferment of thought was frozen up.The words are coming (forth) very earth-soiled;the water has become turbid: stop up the mouth of the well,That God may again make it pure and sweet,that He who made it turbid may likewise make it pure.Patience brings the object of desire, not Haste.Have patience and God knoweth best what is right. In the prose introduction of the second book, which is stylized in a way, and Rumi must have an answer to restart the Masnavi, he expresses things in a closed and ambiguous way that perhaps Hessam al-Din understands allusions and symbols better than others. These sentences, like the last verses of the first book and the beginning of the second book, are more consistent with our hypothesis.In the verses of the introduction of the second book, there are strong pieces of evidence that are in line with our hypothesis and almost reject the opinion of Aflaki and others or at least do not confirm them. All the verses in the introduction of the second book are compatible with our hypothesis. ConclusionAlthough the delay of the second book of the Masnavi may be due to many factors, in this article one of the most important factors of this delay was discussed, which was neglected by the critics of the Masnavi. In short, it can be said that after the death of Salah al-Din, Rumi leftmany tasks to Hessam al-Din, but for some reason, he was not officially chosen as caliph. This indecisiveness is certainly not pleasing to Hessam al-Din, but Rumi calls him to be patient and waits for an opportunity to have a strong justification and reason for himself and his opponents. Finally, in the year 660 (coinciding with the completion of the first book), Hessam al-Din got bored with Rumi’s patience and Rumi got tired of Hessam al-Din's haste and insistence, for a period of two years, something violent happened between these two. From the prose introductions of the second book, it is clear that Rumi rejects Hessam al-Din. Rumi closes the door of Masnavi's well in order to destroy the most important factor of companionship with Hessam al-Din and discipline him. This issue lasted for two years until during this period the external obstacles were removed or reduced and Hessam al-Din also reached intellectual and spiritual maturity and is proud to receive the order of caliphate from Rumi and resume writing Masnavi.
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