سمیه میرزاییان

Rumination and worry are among the cognitive conflicts in many people. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of training metacognitive strategies on reducing rumination and worry. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 32 students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected based on the cut of point in the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) by purposive sampling method and were assigned in two experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. Metacognitive strategies were taught to the experimental group for 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training during this period. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis and SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that metacognitive therapy was able to significantly reduce rumination and worry in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Based on this finding, it can be concluded that training metacognitive strategies can be used effectively to reduce rumination and worry.

The pattern of change in HIV from fatal diseases to chronic diseases due to improvement of treatment made a new challenge for diagnosis and care for the needs of people who live with HIV. This study reviews the role of health hardiness and anxiety on the immune system and quality of life in HIV patients. 125 men with HIV infected through injection participated in this study. They were asked to complete the revised health hardiness inventory, Spielberg state-trait anxiety inventory, and WHOQOL-brief. Data from four times of cd4 experiment with three-month intervals was obtained from the dossier. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, dependent t-test, multiple regression, and logistic regression. Results of this study show no statistically significant relationship between health hardiness, anxiety, and the immune system. The regression analysis indicates that the total score of quality of life with health hardiness and anxiety was statistically significant (0.0001). Subscales of perceived health (β=0.302), state anxiety (β=-0.305) and trait anxiety (β=-0.449) in equation relative to prediction quality of life were statistically significant (0.0001). Health hardiness and anxiety are not associated with a lowered immune system. The patients with higher anxiety had lower quality of life and those with higher health hardiness had higher quality of life