صدیقه ملک لو

A researcher in the field of history pays attention to the science of the historiographies characteristics presented by different sects. The present study aimed to survey the most important features of Orientalist historiography in contemporary Iran. Based on the results, the components of colonial Orientalist historiography origins are as follows: the distortion and denial of Islam, the perversion and humiliation of independence movements such as the tobacco movement, the constitutional movement, de-identification of societies to dominate nations, and exploiting community historians to achieve their colonial goals. To this aim used descriptive and analytical method, based on the sources written by these historians.  

One of the most important documents of orientalists to prove the non-revelatory origin of the Qur'an is the misconception of the difference between the structure of the Qur'anic stories and the Testaments’; the view of these researchers have been analyzed on three axes of "different narrative expression in Makkī and Madanī surahs", "repetition of stories", "ambiguity and incoherence of stories". Important factors such as the dominance of historical and literary approach to the content of Qur'anic stories, neglect of the single divine origin of monotheistic religions, and the perception of revelation as the personal experience of the Prophet (PBUH) have led to mention doubts about the structure of Qur'anic stories. This article criticizes and analyzes the doubts of orientalists in this field with intra-religious citations (Qur’an, commentary, dictionaries, etc.) and extra-religious citations (Testaments, opinions of Orientalists and historical evidence).

One of the most important documents that Orientalists use to doubt the authenticity of the Quran and the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as well as to claim that the Quran has borrowed from the two Testaments, is the similarity in the content of the stories of the prophets in the Quran with those in the Testaments. This research employs an analytical-comparative method and draws on both intra-religious (including the Quran, interpretations, dictionaries, etc.) and extra-religious references (the two Testaments, opinions of Orientalists, and historical data) to analyze and evaluate the perspectives of Orientalists around three main axes: the "origins and sources of the stories," the "way the Prophet (PBUH) accessed these sources," and the "changes to the stories during transmission." According to the findings of the study, the predominance of a historical approach to religions and the lack of attention to the unity of the divine source of monotheistic religions, as well as the Orientalists' perspective on the concept of revelation, which they perceive as a personal experience, are the most significant factors influencing the claim that the stories in the Quran were adapted from the Testaments. The results of the research indicate that the familiarity of Orientalists with the Arabic language is accompanied by deficiencies that have affected their investigations; their information is derived from Arabic sources that are sometimes partial and incomplete. Additionally, the animosity and hostile motivations of the researchers have also played a role in this regard.