تحلیل محتوای اسناد موقوفات روحانیون شهر بارفروش در دوره قاجار (1210-1344 ق) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
روحانیون طبقه ای بانفوذ در دوره قاجاریه به شمار می آمدند و در حیات اجتماعی و سیاسی ایران در آن زمان نقشی تعیین کننده داشتند. اسناد برجای مانده از این دوره نشان می دهند روحانیون، از طریق وقف، در امور عام المنفعه و مذهبی و خیریه حضور فعالی داشتند. وقف به عنوان یکی از سرمایه های اقتصادی در دوره قاجار، باعث افزایش نفوذ و اعتبار روحانیون در میان طبقات مختلف اجتماعی گردید. با وجود این، اسناد موقوفات مربوط به این گروه در دوره قاجار کمتر بررسی شده است. بررسی مندرجات وقف نامه های روحانیون کمک می کند از ویژگی ها و انواع مصارف موقوفات این گروه اجتماعی و نیز از مشاغل، بازارها، کاروانسراها، خانه ها، تکایا و مساجد و محلات شهر بارفروش در دوره قاجار اطلاعات نابی به دست آید. این پژوهش بر آن است با روش تحلیل محتوا و از طریق مطالعه مندرجات و محتوای اسناد وقف نامه های روحانیون واقف شهر بارفروش، مسائلی همچون مصارف موقوفات روحانیون، میزان و تنوع موقوفات و کارکرد آنها را بررسی و تبیین نماید. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهند در میان اموال وقف شده روحانیون، زمین، خانه، دکان و باغ بیشترین فراوانی را دارند و در مورد مصارف موقوفات روحانیون، تعزیه داری و عزاداری امام حسین (ع ) در رتبه اول و امور خیریه و عام المنفعه و اولاد در مراتب بعدی قرار دارند. همچنین موقوفات در عصر ناصرالدین شاه و سال های بعد از آن رونق بیشتری داشت که دلیل آن ثبت، مدیریت و حفظ موقوفات در قالب نظام دیوان سالاری جدید و افزایش سطح درآمدی جامعه نسبت به دوران آغازین حکومت قاجاریه بود.Content Analysis of Endowment Documents of the Clergy in the City of Bar Forosh during the Qajar Period (1210-1344 AH)
Clergymen were an influential class during the Qajar period, and played a decisive role in the Iranian social and political life at that time. The surviving documents from this period show that clerics played an active role in public benefit, and religious and charitable affairs among other social groups through endowments (Waqf). Endowments, as one of the economic capitals during the Qajar period, increased the influence and prestige of clerics among different classes and played an active social role among them. Nevertheless, the endowment documents related to this group in the Qajar period have been less investigated. Examining the contents of clerics’ endowments will help in obtaining information about the types, uses, and characteristics of the endowments of this social group, as well as acquiring first-handed information about jobs, markets, caravanserais, houses, takyehs and mosquesin the neighborhoods of Barforosh city during the Qajar era. Introduction:In Iran during the Islamic era, the endowment, as the most obvious example of benevolence, cooperation, and lasting righteous action, was and is the source of many scientific, cultural, social, and economic services. This long-lasting tradition was popular in Iran during the Qajar period and earlier periods, and the political and military events and developments of this period could not stop people’s attention from this benevolent cause. During the Qajar era, clerics were one of the important and influential groups in the society of the Qajar era, who paid a lot of attention to the issue of endowment and dedicated a large part of their property to religious and charitable causes. In this article, the endowments of the clerics of the city of Barforosh (Babol) in Mazandaran province, during the rule of the Qajars, are examined. From this point of view, in this article, the clerics of Barforosh City have been examined as waqifs and not as trustees. Also, the endowments of letters have been selected, whose endowment was within the city of Barfarosh. Materials and Methods:This research aims to analyze the content of waqfnamahs (endowment documents) of the clergy in the city of Bar Forosh during the Qajar period (1210-1344 AH). The study will use a content analysis approach to examine the following aspects of the waqfnamahs. To analyze and explain the expenditures of endowments made by the clergy. To determine the extent and diversity of these endowments and their functions. To extract statistics and information from the documents to achieve the aforementioned objectives. The research will use a quantitative and qualitative approach to analyze a sample of endowment documents (waqfnamahs) from the city of Bar Forosh. The waqfnamahs will be collected from the archives of the city of Bar Forosh and other relevant libraries and institutions. The data will be analyzed using statistical methods and content analysis. Results and discussion:During the Qajar period (1785-1925), the country experienced significant political, social, and economic changes. One group that played a key role in these transformations was the clergy. The clergy were a powerful and influential class in Qajar society. They held significant religious authority and played a vital role in the education and moral guidance of the population. In addition, they were often involved in politics and government. One of the ways that the clergy exercised their influence was through the use of endowments (waqf). Endowments are charitable donations that are made in perpetuity. They can be used to support a variety of purposes, such as religious education, healthcare, and public works. Endowment documents (waqfnamahs) are a valuable source of information about the social, economic, and religious history of the Qajar period. They provide insights into the role of the clergy in society, the types of institutions that they supported, and the impact of their endowments on the community. The study of endowment documents from the city of Bar Forosh can shed light on the types of endowments that were established by the clergy, the purposes of these endowments, and the beneficiaries of these endowments. Endowments had a significant impact on Qajar society. They helped to provide essential services, such as education and healthcare, to the population. They also played a role in promoting economic development. In addition, endowments helped to strengthen the social and political power of the clergy. By providing for the needs of the community, the clergy were able to build trust and goodwill among the population. This, in turn, gave them greater influence in political and social affairs. The study of endowment documents from the city of Bar Forosh can provide valuable insights into the role of the clergy in Qajar society. This research can help us to better understand the social, economic, and religious history of this important period in Iranian history. This study will contribute to the understanding of the role of the clergy in the social, economic, and religious life of Iran during the Qajar period. It will also provide valuable information for policymakers and scholars interested in the history of waqf in Iran. Conclusion:The findings of the research show that among the endowed property of clerics, land, house, shop, and garden were the most abundant, and regarding the endowments of clerics, bar vendors, recitation and mourning of Imam Hossein (P.B.U.H.) are in the first rank, charity, and charitable works, and children are in the next rank. Also, the creation of endowments by clerical merchants in the era of Naser al-Din Shah and the years after that was more prosperous due to the registration, management, and preservation of endowments in the form of the new bureaucratic system and the increase in the income level of the society compared to the early days of the Qajar rule.
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