Dominance of the Natural: A Comparative Reading of Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Sadeq Chubak’s Puppetry (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

چکیده

The present article seeks to read Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Sadeq Chubak’s Puppetry (Kheymeh-Shab-Bazi in Persian) in order to demonstrate their similar treatment of both ‘the natural’ and the fate of human beings when positioned in contrast with the natural. Hardy and Chubak, despite belonging to distinctive contexts, were both under the influence of the premises of Naturalism. The present paper aims to explore these two works of fiction in order to compare the way both authors employed the Naturalist literary trend in their style of writing, characterization, and perspective. Both authors employed an objective viewpoint, pretty similar to how scientists approach their object of study; they kept their distance from their narrations, with no particular effort to interfere in or to comment on the occurrences of such narrations. This research focuses on how, through utilizing Naturalistic principles, they endeavored to expose the quivering position of human beings when exposed to the powerful impacts of the natural. The study focuses on their similar approaches towards apparently dissimilar issues which, despite the considerable discrepancy concerning the socio-cultural contexts of their works, lurked below the surface of the fiction they produced.