طراحی مدل کارآفرینی کسب وکارهای فناورانه در صنعت بانکداری با رویکرد معادلات ساختاری-تفسیری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بانک ها به عنوان نهادهای مالی، در فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی نقش بنیادی را ایفا می کنند. فناوری مالی با بهره گیری از نوآوری توانسته اند بازارهای مالی سنتی را دگرگون سازند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل کارآفرینانه کسب وکارهای فناورانه در صنعت بانکداری با رویکرد معادلات ساختاری-تفسیری است. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی-توسعه ای و روش گردآوری داده ها آمیخته از نوع اکتشافی است. هم چنین به منظور غربال گری و انتخاب داده ها از دلفی فازی بهره گرفته شده است که خروجی آن با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی دسته بندی و اعتبار آن بررسی گردید. جهت بررسی روابط مدل و برازش آن از روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. این تحقیق در بازه زمانی سال 1400 و در شهر تهران صورت پذیرفته است. به منظور شناسایی و گردآوری داده ها از روش تحلیل محتوا، مصاحبه با خبرگان و استفاده از مطالعات پیشین بهره گرفته شده است. درنتیجه مؤلفه ها در 5 بعد قرار گرفتند که در بالاترین بعد قابلیت های نوآورانه و نگرش کارآفرینانه قرار دارد. با توجه به یافته های تحقیق در بعد "قابلیت های نوآورانه"، مشتری مداری، در بعد "نگرش کارآفرینانه"، مدیریت زیرساخت، در بعد "ابتکارات زنجیره تأمین"، قوانین مالی و مالیاتی، در بعد "ساختار بازار صنعت بانکداری"، نیاز به استفاده از سیستم های مالی و بانکی مطمئن و در بعد "فعالیت های فناورانه"، طراحی محصول از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار بودند.Designing the Entrepreneurial Model of Technological Businesses in the Banking Industry with the Approach of Structural-Interpretive Equations
1- INTRODUCTION
Financial technology will transform traditional financial markets, especially banks, by taking advantage of innovation. The purpose of this research is to present an entrepreneurial model regarding the subject of this research. The research is exploratory in terms of its applied purpose-developments and data collection method. In order to examine the relationship model and its fit, structural equation modeling has been used. As a result, the components are placed in 5. Therefore, according to these recommendations, in order to improve their business models, it has been provided.
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Today, the world is witnessing very rapid progress in various fields of science, the speed of these developments and innovations resulting from it is faster, especially in the science of information and communication technology, and the technologies of this field have become a precursor to developments in other fields as well. Banks have always been the focus of researchers due to their special importance in the economy of countries. With the expansion of technology and the increasing influence of the internet and virtual space in people's daily lives, the need for ideas and innovation in the banking sector also becomes more tangible.
In a significant part of the previous research in the field of financial technology ecosystem, the way of its development and evolution and the role of this ecosystem in creating innovation in the financial services industry have been discussed. In research, the proposed classification framework of the paper has three dimensions: financial benefits, challenges and functions enabled by blockchain.
The current research seeks to answer the following questions:
What factors does the entrepreneurial model of technological businesses in the banking industry include?
In what dimensions are the influential factors of financial technology in the banking industry?
How are the influential dimensions of financial technology in the banking industry related to each other?
3- METHODOLOGY
In the first step, to implement this method, the triangular fuzzy values of experts' opinions as well as the components obtained from previous researches in both internal and external studies were calculated and these components were converted into fuzzy values. In the second step, to calculate the average of the opinions of n respondents, their fuzzy average was calculated. In the third step, according to the studies conducted from domestic and foreign researches, the participating team consists of academic experts, number of 20 people, including faculty members of public administration, information technology management, entrepreneurship and banking affairs management, based on the information that they have been determined in the field of financial technologies in the banking system. In the fourth step, to validate the findings of the qualitative part, the method of long-term engagement and continuous observation, review by participants and colleagues, and the triangulation technique of data sources have been used. In order to achieve reliability criteria, including reliability, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, which are used in transferability, the results of the study, in reliability, coding in reports, and in verifiability, recording activities over time. In the fifth step, after data editing, coding and data entry, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics and software such as Excel, SPSS, PLS have been used to analyze the data. In the sixth step, the interpretive structural model (ISM) was presented by Andrew Sage in 1977.
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION
In the first stage, according to the fact that each of the previous researchers introduced different components in their articles, with the method of content analysis and the combination of similar codes, the primary components in each of the dimensions of the model were identified by analyzing the existing articles and books and interviewing experts became. Fixed fuzzy numbers are calculated by using the average method as follows:
ϰ1=(U+M+L)/3; ϰ2=(U+2M+L)/4; ϰ3=(U+4M+L)/6
According to KMO number (more than 0.7) and significance level, Bartlett's test is less than 5%. The explained variance shows that these questions consist of 5 factors and these factors explain and cover about 64.55% of the variance, which actually indicates the appropriate validity of the questions. A good fit index above 0.5 indicates a good fit of the model.
According to the results obtained from the structural equation model, the analysis of the research model is presented as follows: the coefficient of determination shows that 74.9 percent of the changes in business internationalization are explained by innovative capabilities, entrepreneurial attitude, supply chain initiatives, and internationalization. Market structure and support activities in this research, the components are placed in 5 levels, which are at the highest level of innovative capabilities and entrepreneurial attitude and at the lowest level of business internationalization.
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
Over the years, although many researchers have investigated the components of a business model (Bertel et al., 2012), designing a new business model is closer to an art than a science. In order to achieve the goal of the research, with the help of findings from previous researches, key factors have been identified and then using interpretive structural modeling or ISM, for the key factors identified from the point of view of experts, including university professors, banking experts and managers specializing in the field of business and they are technological works, a structured relationship was defined.
In a changing environment, the delivery and delivery need of financial services will also change. The proposed model is more comprehensive compared to similar proposed models, and the categories taken from previous researches are in five dimensions. By comparing the previous research with the current research, it can be concluded that the structure of institutions and technological activities are among the elements that need to be paid attention to. In order to start and create technological businesses in the banking industry, entrepreneurs need to have a high entrepreneurial attitude in addition to creating an environment that has high innovative capabilities.
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