قلمروزدایی و قلمروگرایی در شعر معاصر: منظری دلوزی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
قلمروگرایی و قلمروزدایی، دوگانه کلیدی در اندیشه دلوز و گتاری است که از درون فلسفه درون ماندگار وی بیرون آمده اند. قلمروزدایی، گریز از قلمرو با اصول و روابط ثابت و متعین است، فراشدی که هرگونه قراردادهای ایدئولوژیک و ازپیش تعیین شده را نفی می کند. درمقابل، قلمروگرایی، خصلتی استعلایی و همواره میل به «بودن» دارد. این پژوهش با تکیه بر نظریه قلمروزدایی در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که شعر معاصر به مثابه قلمروزدایی از شعر قدمایی آیا در شیوه نگرش به همه موضع گیری های فکری همچنان قلمروزدایانه است؟ بررسی شعر معاصر نشان می دهد قلمرو زدایی از شعر کهن، در شاخه نیمایی و در مقیاس وزن عروضی نسبی و مثبت بوده، اما در کلیتش و با توجه به زایایی و توانمندی در پدید آوردن فراشدهای صیرورت پذیر چون شعرسپید، موج نو و حجم، مطلق و مثبت ارزیابی می شود. با وجود این، در برخی سنت های فکری که در فرایند تاریخی صورت متقابلی به خود گرفته اند، رویکردی قلمروگرایانه دارد. به واسطه تفکر استعلایی و طبق قراردادهای ایدئولوژیک و صیرورت ناپذیر، نیما یوشیج روستا را به شهر و شعر را به فلسفه، و اخوان و نادرپور، ایرانی را به عرب برتری می دهند. این تقابل ها به روش استعلایی میل به حفظ قلمرو در سویه متعینی دارند؛ چراکه خطوط گریز و فراشدهای قلمروزدایانه برای بازپیکره بندیِ مفهومی در شعر این شاعران بسته مانده است.Territorialization and Deterritorialization in Contemporary Poetry: A Deleuzian Perspective
Deterritorialization and territorialization, key dichotomies in the thought of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, have emerged from within their philosophy of immanence. Deterritorialization is an escape from the territory with a body of fixed and definite principles, and it rejects any ideological and predetermined contracts. Territorialization, on the other hand, has a transcendental character that always desires “being.” Relying on the theory of deterritorialization, the present paper seeks to answer the question whether contemporary Persian poetry as the deterritorialization of classical poetry is still deterritorial in its approach to fundamental binary oppositions. The study of contemporary poetry shows that the deterritorialization of classical poetry is absolute and positive, and the internal divisions of modern poetry indicate its fertility and dynamism. Nevertheless, it has a territorialist approach in some political and social traditions that have reciprocated in the historical process. Nima Yushij territorially prefers the countryside to the city and poetry to philosophy. Akhavan Sales and Naderpour prefer the Persians to the Arabs. In a transcendental manner, these oppositions tend to maintain territory in a definite direction because centrifugal lines and deterritorial processes have remained closed to conceptual reconfiguration in the works of these poets. Extended Abstract 1.Introduction Territory can be defined as a space with specific borders under specific ownership. Grosz believes that “territory frames chaos provisionally, and in the process produces extractable qualities, which become the materials and formal structures of art.” According to Deleuze, territorialization, both as physical and intellectual concepts, leads to monopolization and stagnation, while deterritorialization rejects any ideological and predetermined contracts. 2.Theoretical Framework Theoretically, the present article revolves around territorialization and deterritorialization as key concepts in Deleuzian philosophy. Deterritorialization occurs when a subject or phenomenon escapes from its territory. The two notions of movement and escape are among the main elements of Delueze and Guattari’s deterritorialization. The present study draws on the theory of deterritorialization to find out whether contemporary poetry, as the deterritorialization of ancient poetry, is still deterritorial in its approach to binary oppositions. 3.Methodology The present article has adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data has been collected using the library research method. First, territorialization and deterritorialization have been explained based on Deleuze’s philosophical theories. Then, contemporary poetry has been analyzed based on the concepts of territorialization and deterritorialization. 4.Discussion and Analysis NimaYushij deterritorializes classical Persian poetry by introducing she'r-e noe (i.e., “new poetry”). His poetry, as poetry deterritorialized of classical poetry, leads to movements in Persian literature that are based on principles of movement and connection. Although he tried to break free of all the constraints of classical poetry, at times he had to follow some traditions in Persian classical poetry. His criticism of philosophy is an example of his territorial method, resulting in his finding literature superior to philosophy. 5.Conclusion In its totality, she'r-e noe can be explained through the absolute deterritorialization of classical Persian poetry. This is because this kind of poetry never returned to classical poetry and developed no similarities to it. Dynamism and change are among the main components of contemporary Persian poetry, making it possible for different forms of contemporary poetry to develop. Despite the deterritorial quality of contemporary poetry, traces of territorialization can be seen in some political, intellectual and social positions taken in contemporary poetry. Attaching more importance to the countryside rather than the city, and poetry rather than philosophy in NimaYushij’s poetry are instances of territorialization. Select Bibliography Akhavan Sales, M. 1356 [1977]. Az in Avesta . Tehran: Morvarid. Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. B. Massumi (trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. 1994. What is Philosophy? H. Tomlinson and G. Burrchel (trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. 2000 . Anti Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia . R. Hurley et al. (trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Grosz, E. 2008 . Chaos, Territory, Art: Deleuze and the Framing of the Earth . New York: Columbia University Press. Grosz, E. 2000. Deleuze and the Political. London: Routledge. Patton, P. 2010. The Deleuze Dictionary . A. Parr (ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Tambling, J. 2010. Allegory . London: Routledge Yushij, N. 1393 [2014]. Majmou’eh-ye Kamel-e Asha’ar . S. Tahbaz (ed.). Tehran: Negah. Yushij, N. 1398 [2019]. Darbareh-ye Honar-e She’r va Sha’eri . S. Tahbaz (ed.). Tehran: Negah.
تبلیغات
