هم سانی یا دگرسانی دو اهرم عشق در غزلیات مولانا و سعدی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یافتن نقاط اشتراک و اختلاف بین عاشق و معشوق (دو اهرم عشق) در دیوان شاعران مختلف به شناخت بیشتر جهان بینی و معیارهای زیباشناسانه آن ها کمک می کند. در این مقاله با روش تحلیل مقایسه ای و با استفاده از ابزار کتابخانه ای، ویژگی های گوناگون عاشق و معشوق در پنجاه غزل از سعدی و پنجاه غزل از مولانا استخراج شده است. بر اساس آن، گونه های مختلف معاشیق دسته بندی و در آخر اشتراکات و اختلافات نگاه دو شاعر بررسی شده است. یافته ها در پی اثبات یا ردِ علمی برخی از فرضیه هایی است که پیشتر وجود داشته اند؛ فرضیاتی چون دست نیافتنی بودن معشوق سعدی، شخصی تر بودن عشق در غزلیات او، ثابت قدم تر بودن مولانا در استغراق اثبات شده است؛ همچنین این نکته که جمال، شرط اولیه عاشقی سعدی اما برای مولانا نتیجه عشق است و ویژگی های عاشق و معشوق در غزلیات متفاوت (عاشقانه/عارفانه) یک شاعر به هم شبیه تر هستند تا گونه مشابهش در غزل شاعر دیگر. این یافته ها که ریشه در آرای عرفانی مولانا و جمال شناسی سعدی دارد بر تفاوت بنیادی جهان بینی دو شاعر صحه می گذارد. از دیگر تفاوت ها می توان به اختلاف موضعشان در برابر هردو نوع عشق حقیقی و مجازی، چگونگی توصیف معشوق، میزان قدرت عاشق در موقعیت عاشقانه و احساسات او اشاره کرد.Homology or alteration of two levers of lover and beloved in Mowlana and Sa'di's Ghazals
Finding similarities and differences between lover and beloved, helps to better understand the worldview and aesthetic criteria of poets. In this article, various characteristics of lover and beloved have been extracted from fifty Ghazals of Saadi and Rumi; then, according to characteristics, different types of lover and beloved are categorized .Finally, the similarities and differences are studied. By this, it has been determined that the characteristics in the poetry of a poet are more similar to each other than their corresponding types in another one. The findings, which are accompanied by frequency of some of the keywords, are new proof or reject of some of already existed assumptions, proof of the unattainability of Saadi's beloved, his more personalized love, his worship of beauty and Rumi’s more steadfast submergence in love. All these confirm the fundamental difference between these poets and are rooted in Rumi's mystical and Saadi's aesthetics. We have also proved that Beauty is the condition of love for Saadi, but for Rumi it is the result. Among the differences are the discrepancy between the viewpoints of poets toward true and virtual love, how a lover describes his beloved, the strength of the lover, and the feelings of the lover. Introduction From the beginning of Persian poetry until now, "love" has been the main theme of the sonnet. With Sanai, the issues of Sufism entered poetry and another type of sonnet was created, which known as romantic mystical sonnet. Later, the circle of this lyric by Attar, Rumi, Iraqi, Saadi, etc, gradually expanded. Among these poets, Rumi's immersion in love led this type of sonnet to the point where he became the undisputed God of mystical sonnet. In romantic mysticism, especially in Rumi's sonnets, love is divine gift and heavenly guidance and the basis of creation is derived from it. On the other hand, Saadi is known as the master of romantic sonnet. In any case, this type of poetry revolves around the beloved. Considering that love and its dual levers, lover and beloved, are the main axes of lyric poetry, also Rumi with 3229 and Saadi with 700 lyric poems, respectively are among the most prolific classical lyric poets, study the view point of These two poets to the lover and the beloved and knowing their personality can open a wider window to the worldview of these two poets about love and give a more accurate and newer analysis of the concept of romantic and mystical lyric And give commonalities and differences between this two. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: a- What are the characteristics of the lover and the beloved in the sonnets of Rumi and Saadi? B- How can the thoughts and worldview of Rumi and Saadi be analyzed according to the romantic and mystical atmosphere of their lyric poems? C- Considering the difference between the genres of mystical and romantic sonnets, what are the commonalities and differences between the sonnets of Saadi and Rumi? R esearch method In this research, which has been done with a descriptive-analytical method, first the characteristic of the lover and the beloved in the sonnets of Rumi and Saadi are extracted and categorized, and then the similarities and differences in the attitudes of these two poets to the lover and the beloved are compared and analyzed.To achieve this goal, one hundred sonnets of Rumi and Saadi (50 sonnets from each of these two poets) have been selected and the various characteristics of the lover and the beloved have been extracted, categorized and compared with their sonnets. Discussion Love is one of the most important intellectual themes of Rumi's poetry.The main theme of Saadi's sonnets is also love, which is "the best sweetness of life and is one of the main reasons and perhaps the only reason for the creation of the universe.Saadi is a follower of the school of aesthetics. However, what is more visible in his sonnets is the painful aspects of love. Some of his sonnets are divided into three general categories:" The sonnets are clearly mystical. , Obviously mystical lyric and lyric with a mystical atmosphere. According to Saadi, "beautiful and benevolent beings are witnesses of God, and loving them is not wrong and sinful, and only through their mediation and arrest can God be reached, and it is impossible that love for them does not lead to divine Conclusion A-Similarities: In the sonnets of both poets, love is the cause of existence and the basis of creation. The lover in the poetry of both poets is seductive, hidden, looting of hearts, omnipotent, possessor of perfection and beauty, and sometimes masculine. Both poets believe that the beloved is the full manifestation of God. In the sonnets of both poets, the lover only addresses the beloved and surrenders to him. For both poets, there is a constant contradiction between reason and love. Both poets claim that the beloved is indescribable, and both poets claim to leave the two worlds. B- Differences: The lover of Saadi's lyric is a person who is weak and helpless and complains, but lover in Rumi's lyric is very powerfull. Both poets believe in dying, But because of completely different reasons and methods. The Rumi's sonnets are more about love, its quality and states, but Saadi's sonnets are more about the lover, his desires and weaknesses and the description of the beauties of the beloved, rather than the issue of love itself. Saadi is the admirer of the bad tempered bitter beloved, while Rumi is the admirer of the sweet beloved. In the lyrics of both poets, the characteristics of the mystical and earthly lover and beloved are very close to each other. In Rumi's poems, love seems to have a human personality, sometimes it becomes beloved. Rumi's lover, although sometimes tyrannical, it is not because of his cruelty and carelessness towards the lover; but because it is the mirror of the fullness of divine beauty and glory. References 1-Anvari, Hassan, Gozide -ye ghazaliyat-e Sa'di . 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