Environmental Awareness

One of the functions of environmental sociology is the creation and development of socio-environmental concepts. “Environmental socialization” is one such concept, addressing which can offer valuable insights for future research, policymaking, and intervention strategies. Accordingly, this article aims first to explore the meaning and conceptual dimensions of environmental socialization as thoroughly as possible, and second to identify the contexts influencing it through a review of the theoretical literature and empirical studies in the field. This research employs a document-based method using content analysis of relevant texts. In terms of data collection, it is a library-based study, and in terms of data analysis, it falls within the category of qualitative content research. Based on the most prominent and recurrent themes found in expert definitions of the broader concept of "socialization," “environmental socialization” can be defined as the process of learning and internalizing environmental attitudes and awareness, and their behavioral manifestation in everyday life. Furthermore, drawing on themes derived from empirical research, the primary contexts in which environmental socialization occurs include residential environments, family, peer groups, educational settings, and media.

The circular economy offers a disruptive transition from the traditional linear economy through the lens of resource efficiency, waste reduction, and natural system restoration via closed-loop operations. This research presents evidence of the influence of environmental consciousness, perceived value, and moral disposition on the ethical buying intentions and behavior of European tourists in Tehran in the context of the circular business model (CBM). Furthermore, the role of individual characteristics in the interactions between them is determined. The study used an applied, descriptive-correlational design. Data collection was done through structured questionnaires, and data analysis was done via SPSS 26, AMOS 25, and PLS-SEM. The results show that awareness, value, and attitude significantly affect purchasing intent, and purchasing intent is a strong predictor of actual behavior. The study adds to the argument for sustainable tourism in the literature by recognizing the psychological aspects of ethical consumption in the context of the circular economy. To this end, it provides practical implications for tourism managers interested in designing and implementing more consumer-centric circular approaches. However, due to the use of a limited, local, and self-reported sample, the results should be interpreted with caution and generalizability should be considered.